Differential analyses of leaf proteomes in oil palm seedlings inoculated with pathogenic and nonpathogenic species of ganoderma
Basal stem rot (BSR) is a destructive disease of oil palm caused by the basiodiomycete fungus known as Ganoderma spp. Basal stem rot disease is considered the most serious disease affecting commercial oil palm plantations in South East Asia, especially in Malaysia and Indonesia. The disease reduc...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2017
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70318/1/FBSB%202017%2034%20-%20IR.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70318/ |
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| Summary: | Basal stem rot (BSR) is a destructive disease of oil palm caused by the basiodiomycete
fungus known as Ganoderma spp. Basal stem rot disease is considered the most
serious disease affecting commercial oil palm plantations in South East Asia,
especially in Malaysia and Indonesia. The disease reduces the productivity and yield of
infected oil palm by disrupting water and nutrient movement from the roots to the
other parts of the plant. Until now, there is no protein biomarker available to detect
BSR disease at early stage of infection due to the insufficient information of
Ganoderma spp. and most of the analyses related to the interaction between oil palm
and Ganoderma spp. were conducted using roots tissues which require destructive
sampling. Therefore, the objective of this study is to search for specific responsive
protein candidates for early and non-destructive protein-based disease detection
method by using leaf sample. Proteomic analysis of oil palm leaf was conducted on
samples collected 72 hours following introduction of oil palm seedlings onto the
mycelium of G. boninense and G.tornatum in flask. It is hypothesized that specific
responsive proteins related to defence mechanism will be differently expressed by the
leaf protein from oil palm seedling inoculated with G. boninese compared to the uninoculated
control and G.tornatum-inoculated seedlings.
A total of 82 proteins were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with
significant differences in the spot abundance. From there, 24 differentially expressed
proteins in response to Ganoderma spp. inoculations were successfully identified by
mass spectrophotometry (MALDI TOF/TOF). The proteins are mainly involved in
photosynthesis and energy metabolism, RNA and protein metabolism as well as
stress/defence mechanism. Proteins related to photosynthesis and energy production
such as ATP synthase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) were downregulated
while proteins such as 70kDa heat shock protein and cyclophilin which involves in protein metabolism were up-regulated in comparison to un-inoculated
sample. Defence related proteins, WAK proteins was up-regulated while
hyrdroxyproline-rich glycoprotein like protein (HRGP) and mannose-binding lectin
were down-regulated during the mycelium attachment process. Based on predicted
cellular function classification, this study managed to identify several specific
responsive proteins that can be used as possible candidates for biomarker or biological
indicator for BSR early detection in oil palm which is important to properly manage
the disease. |
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