Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to antibiotic use and resistance patterns among outpatients in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Antibiotic resistance is globally responsible for high numbers of morbidity and mortality. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Extended-spectrum β- lactamases producing Escherichia. coli and Klebsiella. pneumoniae have high prevalence in many countries. Misuse of antibiotic is one maj...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2015
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68118/1/FPSK%28m%29%202015%2066%20IR.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68118/ |
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| Summary: | Antibiotic resistance is globally responsible for high numbers of morbidity and
mortality. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Extended-spectrum β-
lactamases producing Escherichia. coli and Klebsiella. pneumoniae have high
prevalence in many countries. Misuse of antibiotic is one major reason that has
contributed to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Knowledge and attitude of
antibiotic were determined in some studies in order to determine the practice of
antibiotic usage. There is scarce of studies in Saudi Arabia regarding surveillance of
antibiotic resistance as well as regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice towards
antibiotic usage.
The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of MRSA and ESBL-producing
E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Qatif Central Hospital for five years. In addition,
demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with MRSA and ESBL strains were
determined in 2014. Furthermore, questionnaire was carried out to assess the level of
knowledge, attitude, and practice towards antibiotics usage among outpatients in Qatif
Central Hospital (QCH) and Dammam Medical Complex (DMC), Eastern Province,
Saudi Arabia. Microsoft Excel and SPSS were used to analyze antibiotic resistance and
the questionnaire.
Among the three organisms, the results showed that the prevalence of MRSA among S.
aureus was the highest over the five years (2010-2014). The range of MRSA was
21.4% - 30.8%. ESBL-producing E. coli was the second highest prevalence over the
five years with a range 14.2% - 26.7%. The prevalence of ESBL-producing K.
pneumoniae was low with a minimum of 11.9% and maximum of 20.8%. In 2014, it
was shown that majority of MRSA patients were female (59.8%), adults (20-59) years
old (47.6%), from ICU (28.0%), and wound samples (38.4%). Likewise, many of
ESBL-producing E. coli patients were female (66.7%) and adults (44.4%). Yet, most of
patients were from Outpatient Department (34.0%) and urine sample (55.6%). Male
patients with ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae were the greater (53.5%) and adults
patients were the highest (51.2%). Many patients were from Outpatients Department
(30.2%) and wound samples (32.6%). For the cross-sectional survey, out of the 300
respondents, males were 50.7%. Majority were married (73.3%), 18 - 29 years old
(47%), college/university education (69.3%), and science field (33%). The findings
showed that majority of respondents (79.6%) had low knowledge on antibiotic.
Although many respondents (71.7%) had a positive attitude, only few respondents
(9.7%) had a good practice towards antibiotic usage. The study showed that level of
education (P = 0.002) and field of education (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated
with knowledge. Age (P = 0.039), level of education (P = 0.001), and field of
education (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with attitude. Gender (P = 0.026)
and level of education (P = 0.006) had associated with practice towards antibiotic
usage.
In conclusion, prevalence of MRSA and ESBL-producing E. coli was high over the
past five years. Respondents in the study showed a low knowledge and poor practice
towards antibiotic usage. Interventions are required in order to improve awareness of
antibiotic and in turn to decrease antibiotic resistance. |
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