Investigation of melanogenesis using neonatal normal human epidermal melanocyte treated with mawa young coconut water
The actual color of skin is determined by the type, size and amount of melanin synthesized by melanocytes, and also deposition pattern of melanin in the surrounding keratinocytes. Melanin is synthesized through a series of oxidative reactions and by the enzyme called tyrosinase. Besides turosinas...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2015
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/67825/1/FPSK%28m%29%202015%2065%20IR.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/67825/ |
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| Summary: | The actual color of skin is determined by the type, size and amount of melanin
synthesized by melanocytes, and also deposition pattern of melanin in the surrounding
keratinocytes. Melanin is synthesized through a series of oxidative reactions and by the
enzyme called tyrosinase. Besides turosinase, other melanogenic enzymes including
tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) also
known as dopachrome tatumerase (DCT) are involved in melanin synthesis pathway.
Overproduction and aggregation of melanin in the human skin, can cause dark-skinned
and also aesthetics problems which encourage researches to develop cosmetic agents
with high efficacy and less side effects. Hence, inhibition of tyrosinase activity or
melanogenic pathways to have skin lightening are challenging subjects challenge for
many researchers. Today, many famous whitening agents such as kojic acid and
hydroquinone have been used commercially in whitening creams and other products
such as lotion. Due to some adverse effects of theses whitening agents such as poor
penetration and skin irritation, a natural tyrosinase inhibitor with less harmful side
effects, and also low cost producer are always in demand. The objective of this study
was to investigate the effect of young coconut water on melanogenesis using neonatal
normal human epidermal melanocytes. In this study, cell viability assay was performed
to investigate a safe concentration of young coconut water on neonatal normal human
epidermal melanocyte. In addition, young coconut water evaluated for in vitro cellular
tyrosinase activity and melanin content in neonatal normal human epidermal
melanocyte. In the present study, the protein levels of tyrosinase and other tyrosinase
enzymes including tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase related protein-
2 (TRP-2) also called dopachrome tatumearse (DCT) which are involved in
melanogenesis pathway were determined using western blot method. In this study, skin
melanocytes were treated with different concentration of young coconut water and
compared with untreated cells. The result from MTT assay showed that young coconut
water exhibited no cytotoxicity on melanocytes at 10 mg/ml and half-maximal
cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) was 13.12 mg/ml. This study indicated that young
coconut water reduced the tyrosinase activity by inhibition of its activity with an IC50
(half-maximal inhibitory concentration) value of 10 mg/ml and also down regulated the
protein level of tyrosinase. Results from western blot demonstrated that the protein
level of tyrosinase related protein-2 significantly decreased at 8 and 10 mg/ml of young coconut water by 0.351 and 0.280 fold, respectively. There was no significant
reduction in protein level of tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1). Although, young
coconut water at low concentrations did not significantly reduce tyrosinase activity. In
conclusion, young coconut water at 8 and 10 mg/ml obviously reduced the protein level
of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) with more that 80% viability.
This result indicated that young coconut water might be considered as a potential
whitening agent in cosmetics. |
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