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Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth

Background:Zingiber zerumbet (L.) is a traditional Malaysian folk remedy that contains several interesting bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical quality. Methods:Total flavonoids and total phenolics content from the leaf, stem, and rhizome of Z. zerumbet at 3 different growth stages (3, 6, and 9...

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Main Authors: Ghasemzadeh, Ali, E. Jaafar, Hawa Z., Ashkani, Sadegh, Rahmat, Asmah, Juraimi, Abdul Shukor, Puteh, Adam, Tengku Muda Mohamed, Mahmud
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BioMed Central 2016
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53227/1/Variation%20in%20secondary%20metabolite%20production%20as%20well%20as%20antioxidant%20and%20antibacterial%20activities%20of%20Zingiber%20zerumbet%20%28L.%29%20at%20different%20stages%20of%20growth.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53227/
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spelling my.upm.eprints.532272017-10-23T05:36:08Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53227/ Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth Ghasemzadeh, Ali E. Jaafar, Hawa Z. Ashkani, Sadegh Rahmat, Asmah Juraimi, Abdul Shukor Puteh, Adam Tengku Muda Mohamed, Mahmud Background:Zingiber zerumbet (L.) is a traditional Malaysian folk remedy that contains several interesting bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical quality. Methods:Total flavonoids and total phenolics content from the leaf, stem, and rhizome of Z. zerumbet at 3 different growth stages (3, 6, and 9 months) were determined using spectrophotometric methods and individual flavonoid and phenolic compounds were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method. Chalcone Synthase (CHS) activity was measured using a CHS assay. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The antibacterial activity was determined against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the disc diffusion method. Results:Highest content of total flavonoid [29.7 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry material (DM)] and total phenolic (44.8 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g DM) were detected in the rhizome extracts of 9-month-old plants. As the plant matured from 3 to 9 months, the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) decreased in the leaf, but increased significantly in the rhizomes. Among the secondary metabolites identified, the most abundant, based on the concentrations, were as follows: flavonoids, catechin > quercetin > rutin > luteolin > myricetin > kaempferol; phenolic acids, gallic acid > ferulic acid > caffeic acid > cinnamic acid. Rhizome extracts from 9-month-old plants demonstrated the highest CHS activity (7.48 nkat/mg protein), followed by the 6-month-old rhizomes (5.79 nkat/mg protein) and 3-month-old leaf (4.76 nkat/mg protein). Nine-month-old rhizomes exhibited the highest DPPH activity (76.42 %), followed by the 6-month-old rhizomes (59.41 %) and 3-month-old leaves (57.82 %), with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 55.8, 86.4, and 98.5 μg/mL, respectively, compared to that of α- tocopherol (84.19 %; 44.8 μg/mL) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (70.25 %; 58.6 μg/mL). The highest FRAP activity was observed in 9-month-old rhizomes, with IC50 of 62.4 μg/mL. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Z. zerumbet extracts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranged from 30 to >100 µg/mL. Among the bacterial strains examined, Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to the leaf extract of Z. zerumbet, with MIC of 30.0 μg/mL and other strains were sensitive to the rhizome extracts. Conclusions:Three- and 9-month-old plants are recommended when harvesting the leaf and rhizome of Z. zerumbet, respectively, in order to obtain effective pharmaceutical quality of the desired compounds. BioMed Central 2016 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53227/1/Variation%20in%20secondary%20metabolite%20production%20as%20well%20as%20antioxidant%20and%20antibacterial%20activities%20of%20Zingiber%20zerumbet%20%28L.%29%20at%20different%20stages%20of%20growth.pdf Ghasemzadeh, Ali and E. Jaafar, Hawa Z. and Ashkani, Sadegh and Rahmat, Asmah and Juraimi, Abdul Shukor and Puteh, Adam and Tengku Muda Mohamed, Mahmud (2016) Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16 (104). pp. 1-10. ISSN 1472-6882 10.1186/s12906-016-1072-6
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Background:Zingiber zerumbet (L.) is a traditional Malaysian folk remedy that contains several interesting bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical quality. Methods:Total flavonoids and total phenolics content from the leaf, stem, and rhizome of Z. zerumbet at 3 different growth stages (3, 6, and 9 months) were determined using spectrophotometric methods and individual flavonoid and phenolic compounds were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method. Chalcone Synthase (CHS) activity was measured using a CHS assay. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The antibacterial activity was determined against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the disc diffusion method. Results:Highest content of total flavonoid [29.7 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry material (DM)] and total phenolic (44.8 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g DM) were detected in the rhizome extracts of 9-month-old plants. As the plant matured from 3 to 9 months, the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) decreased in the leaf, but increased significantly in the rhizomes. Among the secondary metabolites identified, the most abundant, based on the concentrations, were as follows: flavonoids, catechin > quercetin > rutin > luteolin > myricetin > kaempferol; phenolic acids, gallic acid > ferulic acid > caffeic acid > cinnamic acid. Rhizome extracts from 9-month-old plants demonstrated the highest CHS activity (7.48 nkat/mg protein), followed by the 6-month-old rhizomes (5.79 nkat/mg protein) and 3-month-old leaf (4.76 nkat/mg protein). Nine-month-old rhizomes exhibited the highest DPPH activity (76.42 %), followed by the 6-month-old rhizomes (59.41 %) and 3-month-old leaves (57.82 %), with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 55.8, 86.4, and 98.5 μg/mL, respectively, compared to that of α- tocopherol (84.19 %; 44.8 μg/mL) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (70.25 %; 58.6 μg/mL). The highest FRAP activity was observed in 9-month-old rhizomes, with IC50 of 62.4 μg/mL. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Z. zerumbet extracts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranged from 30 to >100 µg/mL. Among the bacterial strains examined, Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to the leaf extract of Z. zerumbet, with MIC of 30.0 μg/mL and other strains were sensitive to the rhizome extracts. Conclusions:Three- and 9-month-old plants are recommended when harvesting the leaf and rhizome of Z. zerumbet, respectively, in order to obtain effective pharmaceutical quality of the desired compounds.
format Article
author Ghasemzadeh, Ali
E. Jaafar, Hawa Z.
Ashkani, Sadegh
Rahmat, Asmah
Juraimi, Abdul Shukor
Puteh, Adam
Tengku Muda Mohamed, Mahmud
spellingShingle Ghasemzadeh, Ali
E. Jaafar, Hawa Z.
Ashkani, Sadegh
Rahmat, Asmah
Juraimi, Abdul Shukor
Puteh, Adam
Tengku Muda Mohamed, Mahmud
Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth
author_facet Ghasemzadeh, Ali
E. Jaafar, Hawa Z.
Ashkani, Sadegh
Rahmat, Asmah
Juraimi, Abdul Shukor
Puteh, Adam
Tengku Muda Mohamed, Mahmud
author_sort Ghasemzadeh, Ali
title Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth
title_short Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth
title_full Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth
title_fullStr Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth
title_full_unstemmed Variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) at different stages of growth
title_sort variation in secondary metabolite production as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities of zingiber zerumbet (l.) at different stages of growth
publisher BioMed Central
publishDate 2016
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53227/1/Variation%20in%20secondary%20metabolite%20production%20as%20well%20as%20antioxidant%20and%20antibacterial%20activities%20of%20Zingiber%20zerumbet%20%28L.%29%20at%20different%20stages%20of%20growth.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53227/
_version_ 1643835345993728000
score 13.211869

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