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Supermagnetic nano-bifunctional catalyst from rice husk: synthesis, characterization and application for conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel

The present work investigated the biodiesel production from used cooking oil catalyzed by nano-bifunctional supermagnetic heterogeneous catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) derived from rice husk doped with K2O and Fe synthesized by the wet impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) were characte...

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Main Authors: Hazmi, Balkis, Rashid, Umer, Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin, Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman, Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2020
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38152/1/38152.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38152/
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/2/225
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spelling my.upm.eprints.381522020-05-03T22:59:32Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38152/ Supermagnetic nano-bifunctional catalyst from rice husk: synthesis, characterization and application for conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel Hazmi, Balkis Rashid, Umer Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi The present work investigated the biodiesel production from used cooking oil catalyzed by nano-bifunctional supermagnetic heterogeneous catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) derived from rice husk doped with K2O and Fe synthesized by the wet impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) were characterized for crystallinity by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), total acidity and basicity using CO2/NH3-TPD, textural properties through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermal stability via thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), functional group determination by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface morphology through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and magnetic properties by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The VSM result demonstrated that the super-paramagnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be simply separated and regained after the reaction using an external magnetic field. The operating conditions such as catalyst loading, methanol/oil molar ratio, temperature, and reaction duration were studied. The screened RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5% catalyst was selected for further optimization and the optimum reaction parameters found were 4 wt % of catalyst, a molar ratio of methanol/oil of 12:1, 4 h reaction duration, and 75 °C reaction temperature with a maximal yield of 98.6%. The reusability study and reactivation results revealed that the nano-bifunctional magnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be preserved by high catalytic activity even after being reused five times. MDPI 2020 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38152/1/38152.pdf Hazmi, Balkis and Rashid, Umer and Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin and Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman and Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi (2020) Supermagnetic nano-bifunctional catalyst from rice husk: synthesis, characterization and application for conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel. Catalysts, 10 (2). art. no. 225. pp. 1-21. ISSN 2073-4344 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/2/225 10.3390/catal10020225
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description The present work investigated the biodiesel production from used cooking oil catalyzed by nano-bifunctional supermagnetic heterogeneous catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) derived from rice husk doped with K2O and Fe synthesized by the wet impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) were characterized for crystallinity by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), total acidity and basicity using CO2/NH3-TPD, textural properties through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermal stability via thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), functional group determination by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface morphology through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and magnetic properties by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The VSM result demonstrated that the super-paramagnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be simply separated and regained after the reaction using an external magnetic field. The operating conditions such as catalyst loading, methanol/oil molar ratio, temperature, and reaction duration were studied. The screened RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5% catalyst was selected for further optimization and the optimum reaction parameters found were 4 wt % of catalyst, a molar ratio of methanol/oil of 12:1, 4 h reaction duration, and 75 °C reaction temperature with a maximal yield of 98.6%. The reusability study and reactivation results revealed that the nano-bifunctional magnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be preserved by high catalytic activity even after being reused five times.
format Article
author Hazmi, Balkis
Rashid, Umer
Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi
spellingShingle Hazmi, Balkis
Rashid, Umer
Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi
Supermagnetic nano-bifunctional catalyst from rice husk: synthesis, characterization and application for conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel
author_facet Hazmi, Balkis
Rashid, Umer
Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi
author_sort Hazmi, Balkis
title Supermagnetic nano-bifunctional catalyst from rice husk: synthesis, characterization and application for conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel
title_short Supermagnetic nano-bifunctional catalyst from rice husk: synthesis, characterization and application for conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel
title_full Supermagnetic nano-bifunctional catalyst from rice husk: synthesis, characterization and application for conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel
title_fullStr Supermagnetic nano-bifunctional catalyst from rice husk: synthesis, characterization and application for conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel
title_full_unstemmed Supermagnetic nano-bifunctional catalyst from rice husk: synthesis, characterization and application for conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel
title_sort supermagnetic nano-bifunctional catalyst from rice husk: synthesis, characterization and application for conversion of used cooking oil to biodiesel
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2020
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38152/1/38152.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/38152/
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/2/225
_version_ 1665895958618046464
score 13.211869

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