Cover Image

Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks: a review

Currently, most biodiesels are produced from virgin vegetable oils using a transesterification reaction. However, there are a number of other potential cheap sources for biodiesels, such as deep-frying oils/fats and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD is a lower-value by-product of the palm oil...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman, Rashid, Umer, Yunus, Robiah, Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis 2014
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36705/1/Carbohydrate.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36705/
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01614940.2014.891842
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.upm.eprints.36705
record_format eprints
spelling my.upm.eprints.367052016-11-29T01:39:12Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36705/ Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks: a review Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Rashid, Umer Yunus, Robiah Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Currently, most biodiesels are produced from virgin vegetable oils using a transesterification reaction. However, there are a number of other potential cheap sources for biodiesels, such as deep-frying oils/fats and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD is a lower-value by-product of the palm oil industry and is an economical source for biodiesel production. Due to the high cost of biodiesel production, the formulation of a new method to produce a cheaper biodiesel is imperative. Low-quality feedstocks (especially PFAD) using green and highly reusable catalysts have gained popularity due to their low production cost. High free fatty acids (HFFA) in the feedstock causes problems during the biodiesel production process, especially with the use of basic heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts. Recently, the effectiveness of a solid acid catalyst to catalyze biodiesel production from HFFA feedstock has caught the attention of researchers. This comprehensive article explores the use of low-quality feedstocks and carbon-based catalysts for the conversion of a waste refinery crude palm oil product which contains a high percentage of FFA. The production and characterization of carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts are discussed, including their physico-chemical property measurements. Techniques used for the synthesis of biodiesels are also included. In addition, transesterification process variables such as the oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and temperature are investigated. The final part of the article contains the combustion, emissions, and performance of produced biodiesels. Finally, conclusions, including perspectives and future developments, are also presented. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the current state of the use of low-quality feedstocks and green heterogeneous solid acid catalysts for the use in biodiesel production. Taylor & Francis 2014 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36705/1/Carbohydrate.pdf Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman and Rashid, Umer and Yunus, Robiah and Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin (2014) Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks: a review. Catalysis Reviews: Science and Engineering, 56 (2). pp. 187-219. ISSN 0161-4940; ESSN: 1520-5703 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01614940.2014.891842 10.1080/01614940.2014.891842
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Currently, most biodiesels are produced from virgin vegetable oils using a transesterification reaction. However, there are a number of other potential cheap sources for biodiesels, such as deep-frying oils/fats and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD is a lower-value by-product of the palm oil industry and is an economical source for biodiesel production. Due to the high cost of biodiesel production, the formulation of a new method to produce a cheaper biodiesel is imperative. Low-quality feedstocks (especially PFAD) using green and highly reusable catalysts have gained popularity due to their low production cost. High free fatty acids (HFFA) in the feedstock causes problems during the biodiesel production process, especially with the use of basic heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts. Recently, the effectiveness of a solid acid catalyst to catalyze biodiesel production from HFFA feedstock has caught the attention of researchers. This comprehensive article explores the use of low-quality feedstocks and carbon-based catalysts for the conversion of a waste refinery crude palm oil product which contains a high percentage of FFA. The production and characterization of carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts are discussed, including their physico-chemical property measurements. Techniques used for the synthesis of biodiesels are also included. In addition, transesterification process variables such as the oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and temperature are investigated. The final part of the article contains the combustion, emissions, and performance of produced biodiesels. Finally, conclusions, including perspectives and future developments, are also presented. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the current state of the use of low-quality feedstocks and green heterogeneous solid acid catalysts for the use in biodiesel production.
format Article
author Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
Rashid, Umer
Yunus, Robiah
Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
spellingShingle Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
Rashid, Umer
Yunus, Robiah
Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks: a review
author_facet Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
Rashid, Umer
Yunus, Robiah
Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
author_sort Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
title Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks: a review
title_short Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks: a review
title_full Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks: a review
title_fullStr Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks: a review
title_full_unstemmed Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks: a review
title_sort carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks: a review
publisher Taylor & Francis
publishDate 2014
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36705/1/Carbohydrate.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36705/
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01614940.2014.891842
_version_ 1643831811369861120
score 13.211869

Similar Items