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Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis

OBJECTIVE: Brewers’ rice, a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ, is a rice by-product in the rice industry. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of the water extract of brewers’ rice (WBR) against colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS...

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Main Authors: Tan, Bee Ling, Mohd Esa, Norhaizan, Yeap, Swee Keong, Karim, Roselina
Format: Article
Published: Verduci Editore 2015
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36004/
http://www.europeanreview.org/article/8692
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spelling my.upm.eprints.360042016-02-12T07:27:04Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36004/ Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis Tan, Bee Ling Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Yeap, Swee Keong Karim, Roselina OBJECTIVE: Brewers’ rice, a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ, is a rice by-product in the rice industry. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of the water extract of brewers’ rice (WBR) against colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cytotoxicity activity was determined using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The morphological changes of the HT-29 cells were observed using inverted light and fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle and apoptotic cell death analyses were performed using flow cytometer. Besides that, the selected polyphenolic compounds in WBR were also analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). RESULTS: The cytotoxicity results showed that WBR was more cytotoxic (but not significantly different) in HT-29 cells compared to the MBR, with IC50 value of 21.88 ± 12.43 µg/mL and 34.50 ± 5.92 µg/mL for WBR and MBR, respectively (p > 0.05). WBR-treated HT-29 cells displayed the typical characteristics of apoptosis, as visualized using inverted light and fluorescence microscope. WBR also significantly increased the number of early and late apoptotic HT-29 cells compared to control cells (p < 0.05). Results from UPLC analysis demonstrated that ferulic acid (36.42 ± 2.97 µg/g) was found the highest level in WBR, followed by gallic acid (26.09 ± 2.01 µg/g) and p-coumaric acid (7.13 ± 0.36 µg/g). These phenolics are speculated to partially contribute to apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that WBR derived from natural sources might represent a potential chemopreventive agent against colon cancer. Verduci Editore 2015 Article PeerReviewed Tan, Bee Ling and Mohd Esa, Norhaizan and Yeap, Swee Keong and Karim, Roselina (2015) Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 19 (6). pp. 1022-1029. ISSN 1128-3602; ESSN: 2284-0729 http://www.europeanreview.org/article/8692
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description OBJECTIVE: Brewers’ rice, a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ, is a rice by-product in the rice industry. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of the water extract of brewers’ rice (WBR) against colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cytotoxicity activity was determined using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The morphological changes of the HT-29 cells were observed using inverted light and fluorescence microscope. Cell cycle and apoptotic cell death analyses were performed using flow cytometer. Besides that, the selected polyphenolic compounds in WBR were also analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). RESULTS: The cytotoxicity results showed that WBR was more cytotoxic (but not significantly different) in HT-29 cells compared to the MBR, with IC50 value of 21.88 ± 12.43 µg/mL and 34.50 ± 5.92 µg/mL for WBR and MBR, respectively (p > 0.05). WBR-treated HT-29 cells displayed the typical characteristics of apoptosis, as visualized using inverted light and fluorescence microscope. WBR also significantly increased the number of early and late apoptotic HT-29 cells compared to control cells (p < 0.05). Results from UPLC analysis demonstrated that ferulic acid (36.42 ± 2.97 µg/g) was found the highest level in WBR, followed by gallic acid (26.09 ± 2.01 µg/g) and p-coumaric acid (7.13 ± 0.36 µg/g). These phenolics are speculated to partially contribute to apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that WBR derived from natural sources might represent a potential chemopreventive agent against colon cancer.
format Article
author Tan, Bee Ling
Mohd Esa, Norhaizan
Yeap, Swee Keong
Karim, Roselina
spellingShingle Tan, Bee Ling
Mohd Esa, Norhaizan
Yeap, Swee Keong
Karim, Roselina
Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis
author_facet Tan, Bee Ling
Mohd Esa, Norhaizan
Yeap, Swee Keong
Karim, Roselina
author_sort Tan, Bee Ling
title Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis
title_short Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis
title_full Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis
title_fullStr Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis
title_full_unstemmed Water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis
title_sort water extract of brewers' rice induces antiproliferation of human colorectal cancer (ht-29) cell lines via the induction of apoptosis
publisher Verduci Editore
publishDate 2015
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/36004/
http://www.europeanreview.org/article/8692
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score 13.211869

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