Nutritive Value Improvement and Utilization of Rice Straw in a Total Mixed Ration for Lambs
In the nutritional assessment study - two popular rice varieties in Malaysia namely, MR 185 and MR 219 were examined. Significant variations in straw nutritional composition were observed between plant fractions of rice varieties. Variations were also observed between the cut and stubble fraction...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2006
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/355/3/549000_fp_2006_13_abstrak_je__dh_pdf_.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/355/ |
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| Summary: | In the nutritional assessment study - two popular rice varieties in Malaysia namely,
MR 185 and MR 219 were examined. Significant variations in straw nutritional
composition were observed between plant fractions of rice varieties. Variations were
also observed between the cut and stubble fraction of rice plants. The leaves of cut
fraction for MR 185 straw variety showed higher nutritive quality, in terms of crude
protein concentration (6.8%), fiber (ADF 46.8% and NDF 69.5%), total digestible
nutrients (50.4%) and digestible energy (2.2 MJ/kg) compared to the stubble and uncut
plant parts. Therefore, cut fraction of straw was recommended to be collected for
ruminant feed and the stubble could be incorporated into the soil to maintain land
productivity for the next crop or other purpose.
In another experiment, changes of protein and fiber concentration of rice straw were
observed over time. Rice straw was exposed to open weather in the field for 30 days.
Nutritive values of rice straw were found to be relatively stable when they were
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exposed to the weather. There was no significant reduction of CP concentration but
fiber concentration increased with delaying straw collection from the field.
Therefore, farmers could delay straw collection from the field but earlier collection
of straw was suggested for feeding ruminants.
In the nutritive value improvement study - two straw treatment (urea and steam)
methods of rice straw were evaluated. Urea increased CP concentration of treated
rice straw by 47% compared to untreated rice straw. In vitro DM and OM
digestibility of urea treated rice straw was increased by 29.3% and 35.9%,
respectively compared to the untreated rice straw. This was confirmed by the in vitro
gas production at a sequential incubation with buffered rumen fluid. Potential gas
volume was higher in urea treated rice straw (52.2 ml/200mg) than untreated rice
straw (41.9 ml/200mg) and steam treated rice straw (50.9 ml/200mg). Steam
treatment caused a significant decrease in lignin (ADL) concentration (30.3%)
compared to urea treated rice straw (34.1%) and untreated rice straw (35.0%) due to
the effect of high pressure and rapid decompression to weaken the cell wall structure
and the release of fermentable sugar from the depolymerized lignin and cell wall
matrix. The disruptions and the physical changes in rice straw cell wall structure due
to steam treatment enable microbes to penetrate to the cell wall matrix resulting in
improved digestibility.
In the feed evaluation study – iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric various formulation of
total mixed ration was examined. Three straw treatments (untreated, urea and steam
treated) and three levels (40, 55 and 70%) of straw inclusion were used together with
other ingredients to make total mixed ration.
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In a feeding trial, dry matter intake of the ration and average daily gain of the Malin
local-bred lambs was examined. The ration comprising 40% steam treated straw
showed highest intake (126.5 g kg-1W0.75) and gave highest daily gain (176.8 g d-1).
Untreated straw with 70% inclusion showed lowest intake (71.7 g kg-1W0.75) and
gave the lowest weight gain (50.0 g d-1). Steam treated ration increased intake by
27.4% and urea treated ration by 21.5%; average daily gain of the lambs increased by
73.5% in steam and 65.0% in urea treated ration compared to untreated ration.
Increasing level of straw inclusion from 40 to 70% reduced intake by 21.1% and
weight gain by 38.8%.
In the digestibility study, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in nutritional
quality among the rations. No significant differences were also obtained in rate of
particulate particle constant, mean retention time and solid flow rate. However,
increasing level of straw inclusion tended to increase retention time due to the slower
passage rate. Therefore, this study concluded that the rice straw has a potential to be
utilized in ruminant feeding system by using straw treatment and improving its
nutritive value with the addition of other ingredients. Hence, production of TMR is
worth trying and this could conceivably be practiced by large farms for intensive
ruminant production. |
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