Methane Emission and its Mitigation in Rice Fields Under Different Management Practices in Central Java
The concentration of methane (CH4), one of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing at 1% per annum and rice soil is one of the sources that contribute to about 25% of the atmospheric CH4. This study was conducted with the objectives of (i) assessing CH4 emission from rice fields with...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2004
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/328/1/549581_T_FP_2004_39.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/328/ |
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| Summary: | The concentration of methane (CH4), one of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is
increasing at 1% per annum and rice soil is one of the sources that contribute to about
25% of the atmospheric CH4. This study was conducted with the objectives of (i)
assessing CH4 emission from rice fields with various rice management practices in
Central Java, Indonesia, (ii) identifying potential mitigation methods by taking into
consideration the economic analysis of these methods, and (iii) determining the potential
CH4 production and emission from rice soils of Central Java using laboratory incubation
method and in-situ field measurements. Field experiments were conducted to investigate
the effects of rice cultivars (Memberamo, Cisadane, IR 64 and Way Apo Buru), water
management (continuous flooding 5 cm, continuous flooding 1 cm, intermittent
irrigation, and pulse irrigation), and crop establishment methods (direct seeding and
transplanting) on CH4 emissions using automatic chamber and continuous sampling
technique. These experiments were conducted in four seasons beginning in the wet
season of 2001/02 and ended in the dry season of 2003. In determining the potential
CH4 production and emission from rice field of Central Java, soil types under rice were identified. In-situ measurements of CH4 fluxes from 13 soil types under rice were made
and topsoil samples were incubated for laboratory incubation.
There were no significant differences between cultivars in yield either through direct
seeding or transplanting. Cisadane cultivar established through direct seeding emitted
significantly higher amount of CH4 due to higher root and aboveground biomass than
transplanting. Since no significant differences in yield between the cultivars were found
in this study, Cisadane cultivar should not be used in Central Java. Emission of CH4
could also be reduced by intermittent (46%) and pulse (62%) irrigation compared to
conventional continuously flooded systems. Potential CH4 production (282 – 6,408 kg
ha-1) for 13 flooded rice soils in Central Java Province was significantly positively
related to the in-situ field emission (107 – 799 kg ha-1). Measured CH4 emission
estimated was only 16.6% of the potential CH4 production.
Based on economic analysis of selected data from the field experiments, a few
mitigation options could be recommended. During the wet season, for transplanted rice,
Way Apo Buru gave the higher incremental benefit of CH4 mitigation technology
adoption, but for direct seeded rice, Memberamo and Way Apo Buru gave the higher
benefit. During the dry season, transplanted Cisadane cultivar gave higher benefit than
IR 64. Also, during this season, when planted with IR 64, intermittent irrigation gave
higher benefit than continuous flooding 1 cm and pulse irrigation. However, further
investigation on the mitigation potentials of the management practices need to be done. |
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