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Quantitative in vitro assays for screening antiviral characteristics of Berembang Bukit leaf extracts

Berembang Bukit or Megawasih, is a native of our tropical rainforest and other ASEAN countries. In a preliminary review, a qualitative screening on the antiviral activities of its leaf extracts revealed various degrees of antiviral potential. Therefore this study was done to evaluate its antiviral c...

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Main Authors: Abdul Malik, Farhah Zaidar, Allaudin, Zeenathul Nazariah, Loh, Sandy Hwei San, Ting, Kang Nee, Mohd Lila, Mohd Azmi, Omar, Mohamed Ariff
Format: Conference or Workshop Item
Language:English
Published: 2012
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26802/1/PROCEEDING%2027.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26802/
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spelling my.upm.eprints.268022016-08-08T09:24:48Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26802/ Quantitative in vitro assays for screening antiviral characteristics of Berembang Bukit leaf extracts Abdul Malik, Farhah Zaidar Allaudin, Zeenathul Nazariah Loh, Sandy Hwei San Ting, Kang Nee Mohd Lila, Mohd Azmi Omar, Mohamed Ariff Berembang Bukit or Megawasih, is a native of our tropical rainforest and other ASEAN countries. In a preliminary review, a qualitative screening on the antiviral activities of its leaf extracts revealed various degrees of antiviral potential. Therefore this study was done to evaluate its antiviral characteristics in a quantitative approach. The leaf extracts were prepared using hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extractions and dissolved in DMSO. DMSO cytotoxicity was initially evaluated to ensure a safe working concentration. A negligible cytotoxicity was observed at a concentration of ≤ 0.1% DMSO. The cytotoxic effect of extracts on Vero cells was assessed by both MTT assay and cell cytotoxicity scoring method. Two-fold serial dilutions of each extracts were prepared from the highest concentration of 1000µg/mL in 0.1% DMSO. For MTT assay, the highest cytotoxicity was found in the ethyl acetate extract (CC50 = 218µg/mL), whilst minimal cell cytotoxicity was observed in both hexane (CC50 = 833µg/ml) and ethanol (CC50 = >1000µg/mL) extracts. However, there were no correlation between MTT and cell scoring for cytotoxicity in this study. A series of experiments including CPE reduction assay, plaque reduction assay, inhibition assay and virucidal assay were done to evaluate the total antiviral potential of the leaf extracts. The leaf extracts produced a dose-dependent antiviral response. Both ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts showed 100% plaque formation inhibition in plaque reduction assay, inhibition assay and virucidal assay. Hexane extracts showed absence of plaque inhibition in all the tested antiviral assays. In inhibition assay, the estimated selective index (ESI) for ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were 8.3 and 1.9, respectively. Whilst in CPE reduction assay, the ESI for the respective extracts were 6.7 and 2.9. In conclusion, the ethanol extracts exhibited the highest antiviral efficacy among the tested extracts. 2012 Conference or Workshop Item NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26802/1/PROCEEDING%2027.pdf Abdul Malik, Farhah Zaidar and Allaudin, Zeenathul Nazariah and Loh, Sandy Hwei San and Ting, Kang Nee and Mohd Lila, Mohd Azmi and Omar, Mohamed Ariff (2012) Quantitative in vitro assays for screening antiviral characteristics of Berembang Bukit leaf extracts. In: 7th Seminar in Veterinary Sciences, 27 Feb.-2 Mar. 2012, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia. .
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Berembang Bukit or Megawasih, is a native of our tropical rainforest and other ASEAN countries. In a preliminary review, a qualitative screening on the antiviral activities of its leaf extracts revealed various degrees of antiviral potential. Therefore this study was done to evaluate its antiviral characteristics in a quantitative approach. The leaf extracts were prepared using hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extractions and dissolved in DMSO. DMSO cytotoxicity was initially evaluated to ensure a safe working concentration. A negligible cytotoxicity was observed at a concentration of ≤ 0.1% DMSO. The cytotoxic effect of extracts on Vero cells was assessed by both MTT assay and cell cytotoxicity scoring method. Two-fold serial dilutions of each extracts were prepared from the highest concentration of 1000µg/mL in 0.1% DMSO. For MTT assay, the highest cytotoxicity was found in the ethyl acetate extract (CC50 = 218µg/mL), whilst minimal cell cytotoxicity was observed in both hexane (CC50 = 833µg/ml) and ethanol (CC50 = >1000µg/mL) extracts. However, there were no correlation between MTT and cell scoring for cytotoxicity in this study. A series of experiments including CPE reduction assay, plaque reduction assay, inhibition assay and virucidal assay were done to evaluate the total antiviral potential of the leaf extracts. The leaf extracts produced a dose-dependent antiviral response. Both ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts showed 100% plaque formation inhibition in plaque reduction assay, inhibition assay and virucidal assay. Hexane extracts showed absence of plaque inhibition in all the tested antiviral assays. In inhibition assay, the estimated selective index (ESI) for ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were 8.3 and 1.9, respectively. Whilst in CPE reduction assay, the ESI for the respective extracts were 6.7 and 2.9. In conclusion, the ethanol extracts exhibited the highest antiviral efficacy among the tested extracts.
format Conference or Workshop Item
author Abdul Malik, Farhah Zaidar
Allaudin, Zeenathul Nazariah
Loh, Sandy Hwei San
Ting, Kang Nee
Mohd Lila, Mohd Azmi
Omar, Mohamed Ariff
spellingShingle Abdul Malik, Farhah Zaidar
Allaudin, Zeenathul Nazariah
Loh, Sandy Hwei San
Ting, Kang Nee
Mohd Lila, Mohd Azmi
Omar, Mohamed Ariff
Quantitative in vitro assays for screening antiviral characteristics of Berembang Bukit leaf extracts
author_facet Abdul Malik, Farhah Zaidar
Allaudin, Zeenathul Nazariah
Loh, Sandy Hwei San
Ting, Kang Nee
Mohd Lila, Mohd Azmi
Omar, Mohamed Ariff
author_sort Abdul Malik, Farhah Zaidar
title Quantitative in vitro assays for screening antiviral characteristics of Berembang Bukit leaf extracts
title_short Quantitative in vitro assays for screening antiviral characteristics of Berembang Bukit leaf extracts
title_full Quantitative in vitro assays for screening antiviral characteristics of Berembang Bukit leaf extracts
title_fullStr Quantitative in vitro assays for screening antiviral characteristics of Berembang Bukit leaf extracts
title_full_unstemmed Quantitative in vitro assays for screening antiviral characteristics of Berembang Bukit leaf extracts
title_sort quantitative in vitro assays for screening antiviral characteristics of berembang bukit leaf extracts
publishDate 2012
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26802/1/PROCEEDING%2027.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/26802/
_version_ 1643829014835494912
score 13.211869

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