Staff View: The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density.

The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density.

Injectable contraceptives are one of the most effective and convenient form of birth control means as more than 30 million women are using it throughout the world. There are two main choices of progestron only injectable methods include depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) used 90-day intervals...

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Main Authors:	Tengku Abdul Hamid, Tengku Aizan, Yazid, Mohd Nazri, Mahmud, Rozi, Othman, Zanariah
Format:	Article
Language:	English English
Published:	Malaysian Medical Association. 2010
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17079/1/The%20effect%20of%20duration%20of%20using%20injectable%20contraceptives%20on%20bone%20mineral%20density.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17079/
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id	my.upm.eprints.17079
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spelling	my.upm.eprints.170792016-01-12T07:36:16Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17079/ The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density. Tengku Abdul Hamid, Tengku Aizan Yazid, Mohd Nazri Mahmud, Rozi Othman, Zanariah Injectable contraceptives are one of the most effective and convenient form of birth control means as more than 30 million women are using it throughout the world. There are two main choices of progestron only injectable methods include depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) used 90-day intervals and norethisterone enantate (NET-EN) used at 60-day intervals which only less than 1 million women use this type and it is used as Unidepo in Malaysia since 1976. It contains a synthetic hormonal progestron, like the natural female progesterone and its annual pregnancy rates is less than one per 100 users. Although birth control injections have a number of advantages, but like all other medications, have some potential side effects. One of the most worrying complications is bone density reduction. Bone loss and in turn osteoporosis as a systemic multi factorial skeletal disease is a growing public health concern especially in elderly people particularly in postmenopausal women that is reaching an epidemic proportion because the elderly population is the most rapidly growing segment of any population although it occurs in both sexes and all race/ethnicities and age groups. Several studies have reported lower bone mass in long-term injectable users, however, few studies have investigated the effect of hormonal contraceptives on BMD in premenopausal long-term users of injectables in their 40s, and there is very limited investigations related to the effect of NET-EN on BMD and no data on recovery of BMD on cessation of NET-EN use have been reported so far. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of duration of using Unidepo on Bone Mineral Density in postmenopausal women. This is a quasi-experimental study in menopause clinics in Kuala Lumpur where 133 postmenopausal women were interviewed for information on Injectable contraceptive use history and risk factors for decreased bone mineral density and ultrasound measurements of the left calcaneous were taken. Also, Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. All ethical aspects were considered.A two step hierarchical regression analysis was employed to examine effect of duration of Unidepo using on bone mineral density. Results revealed that use duration of Unidepo significantly was associated with BUA (broad band ultrasound attenuation) over and beyond of some socio demographic and reproductive factors, BMI, family history of osteoporosis, physical activity and calcium intake (ΔF (1, 109) = 18.69, p<0.001). This study suggest that bone density reduction in long term users is not completely reversible as when the duration of use increased the bone mineral density is decreased. Malaysian Medical Association. 2010-06 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17079/1/The%20effect%20of%20duration%20of%20using%20injectable%20contraceptives%20on%20bone%20mineral%20density.pdf Tengku Abdul Hamid, Tengku Aizan and Yazid, Mohd Nazri and Mahmud, Rozi and Othman, Zanariah (2010) The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 65 (Supple). ISSN 0300-5283 English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language	English English
description	Injectable contraceptives are one of the most effective and convenient form of birth control means as more than 30 million women are using it throughout the world. There are two main choices of progestron only injectable methods include depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) used 90-day intervals and norethisterone enantate (NET-EN) used at 60-day intervals which only less than 1 million women use this type and it is used as Unidepo in Malaysia since 1976. It contains a synthetic hormonal progestron, like the natural female progesterone and its annual pregnancy rates is less than one per 100 users. Although birth control injections have a number of advantages, but like all other medications, have some potential side effects. One of the most worrying complications is bone density reduction. Bone loss and in turn osteoporosis as a systemic multi factorial skeletal disease is a growing public health concern especially in elderly people particularly in postmenopausal women that is reaching an epidemic proportion because the elderly population is the most rapidly growing segment of any population although it occurs in both sexes and all race/ethnicities and age groups. Several studies have reported lower bone mass in long-term injectable users, however, few studies have investigated the effect of hormonal contraceptives on BMD in premenopausal long-term users of injectables in their 40s, and there is very limited investigations related to the effect of NET-EN on BMD and no data on recovery of BMD on cessation of NET-EN use have been reported so far. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of duration of using Unidepo on Bone Mineral Density in postmenopausal women. This is a quasi-experimental study in menopause clinics in Kuala Lumpur where 133 postmenopausal women were interviewed for information on Injectable contraceptive use history and risk factors for decreased bone mineral density and ultrasound measurements of the left calcaneous were taken. Also, Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. All ethical aspects were considered.A two step hierarchical regression analysis was employed to examine effect of duration of Unidepo using on bone mineral density. Results revealed that use duration of Unidepo significantly was associated with BUA (broad band ultrasound attenuation) over and beyond of some socio demographic and reproductive factors, BMI, family history of osteoporosis, physical activity and calcium intake (ΔF (1, 109) = 18.69, p<0.001). This study suggest that bone density reduction in long term users is not completely reversible as when the duration of use increased the bone mineral density is decreased.
format	Article
author	Tengku Abdul Hamid, Tengku Aizan Yazid, Mohd Nazri Mahmud, Rozi Othman, Zanariah
spellingShingle	Tengku Abdul Hamid, Tengku Aizan Yazid, Mohd Nazri Mahmud, Rozi Othman, Zanariah The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density.
author_facet	Tengku Abdul Hamid, Tengku Aizan Yazid, Mohd Nazri Mahmud, Rozi Othman, Zanariah
author_sort	Tengku Abdul Hamid, Tengku Aizan
title	The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density.
title_short	The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density.
title_full	The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density.
title_fullStr	The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density.
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density.
title_sort	effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density.
publisher	Malaysian Medical Association.
publishDate	2010
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17079/1/The%20effect%20of%20duration%20of%20using%20injectable%20contraceptives%20on%20bone%20mineral%20density.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/17079/
_version_	1643826407274446848
score	13.211869

The effect of duration of using injectable contraceptives on bone mineral density.

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