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Relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among Malay primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among primary school children in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 225 Malay students, 113 male and 112 female, aged 6.3 to 9.8 were selected through a stratified random sampling method....

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Main Authors: Mohd Elias, Saliza, Abdullah, Abdul Salam, Hashim, Zailina, Hashim, Jamal Hisham, Marjan, Zamaliah
Format: Article
Language:English
English
Published: SAGE Publications 2007
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16486/1/Relationship%20between%20blood%20lead%20concentration%20and%20nutritional%20status%20among%20Malay%20primary%20school%20children%20in%20Kuala%20Lumpur.pdf
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spelling my.upm.eprints.164862015-10-26T01:55:09Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16486/ Relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among Malay primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Mohd Elias, Saliza Abdullah, Abdul Salam Hashim, Zailina Hashim, Jamal Hisham Marjan, Zamaliah A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among primary school children in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 225 Malay students, 113 male and 112 female, aged 6.3 to 9.8 were selected through a stratified random sampling method. The random blood samples were collected and blood lead concentration was measured by a Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The nutrient intake was determined by the 24-hour Dietary Recall method and Food Frequency Questionnaire. An anthropometric assessment was reported according to growth indices (z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height). The mean blood lead concentration was low (3.4 ± 1.91 ug/dL) and was significantly different between gender. Only 14.7% of the respondents fulfilled the daily energy requirement. The protein and iron intakes were adequate for a majority of the children. However, 34.7% of the total children showed inadequate intake of calcium. The energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes were significantly different by gender, that is, males had better intake than females. Majority of respondents had normal mean z-score of growth indices. Ten percent of the respondents were underweight, 2.8% wasted and 5.4% stunted. Multiple linear regression showed inverse significant relationships between blood lead concentration with children's age (β= -0.647, p<0.001) and per capita income (β=-0.001, p=0.018). There were inverse significant relationships between blood lead concentration with children's age (β=-0.877, p=0.001) and calcium intake (β= -0.011,p=0.014) and positive significant relationship with weight-for-height (β=0.326, p=0.041) among those with inadequate calcium intake. Among children with inadequate energy intake, children's age (β= -0.621, p< 0.001), per capita income (β= -0.001,p=0.025) and protein intake (β= -0.019, p=0.027) were inversely and significantly related with blood lead concentration. In conclusion, nutritional status might affect the children's absorption of lead and further investigation is required for confirmation. SAGE Publications 2007-07 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16486/1/Relationship%20between%20blood%20lead%20concentration%20and%20nutritional%20status%20among%20Malay%20primary%20school%20children%20in%20Kuala%20Lumpur.pdf Mohd Elias, Saliza and Abdullah, Abdul Salam and Hashim, Zailina and Hashim, Jamal Hisham and Marjan, Zamaliah (2007) Relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among Malay primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 19 (3). pp. 29-37. ISSN 1010-5395, ESSN: 1941-2479 http://www.uk.sagepub.com/home.nav 10.1177/101053950701900306 English
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
English
description A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among primary school children in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 225 Malay students, 113 male and 112 female, aged 6.3 to 9.8 were selected through a stratified random sampling method. The random blood samples were collected and blood lead concentration was measured by a Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The nutrient intake was determined by the 24-hour Dietary Recall method and Food Frequency Questionnaire. An anthropometric assessment was reported according to growth indices (z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height). The mean blood lead concentration was low (3.4 ± 1.91 ug/dL) and was significantly different between gender. Only 14.7% of the respondents fulfilled the daily energy requirement. The protein and iron intakes were adequate for a majority of the children. However, 34.7% of the total children showed inadequate intake of calcium. The energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes were significantly different by gender, that is, males had better intake than females. Majority of respondents had normal mean z-score of growth indices. Ten percent of the respondents were underweight, 2.8% wasted and 5.4% stunted. Multiple linear regression showed inverse significant relationships between blood lead concentration with children's age (β= -0.647, p<0.001) and per capita income (β=-0.001, p=0.018). There were inverse significant relationships between blood lead concentration with children's age (β=-0.877, p=0.001) and calcium intake (β= -0.011,p=0.014) and positive significant relationship with weight-for-height (β=0.326, p=0.041) among those with inadequate calcium intake. Among children with inadequate energy intake, children's age (β= -0.621, p< 0.001), per capita income (β= -0.001,p=0.025) and protein intake (β= -0.019, p=0.027) were inversely and significantly related with blood lead concentration. In conclusion, nutritional status might affect the children's absorption of lead and further investigation is required for confirmation.
format Article
author Mohd Elias, Saliza
Abdullah, Abdul Salam
Hashim, Zailina
Hashim, Jamal Hisham
Marjan, Zamaliah
spellingShingle Mohd Elias, Saliza
Abdullah, Abdul Salam
Hashim, Zailina
Hashim, Jamal Hisham
Marjan, Zamaliah
Relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among Malay primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
author_facet Mohd Elias, Saliza
Abdullah, Abdul Salam
Hashim, Zailina
Hashim, Jamal Hisham
Marjan, Zamaliah
author_sort Mohd Elias, Saliza
title Relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among Malay primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
title_short Relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among Malay primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
title_full Relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among Malay primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
title_fullStr Relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among Malay primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among Malay primary school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
title_sort relationship between blood lead concentration and nutritional status among malay primary school children in kuala lumpur, malaysia.
publisher SAGE Publications
publishDate 2007
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16486/1/Relationship%20between%20blood%20lead%20concentration%20and%20nutritional%20status%20among%20Malay%20primary%20school%20children%20in%20Kuala%20Lumpur.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/16486/
http://www.uk.sagepub.com/home.nav
_version_ 1643826228024573952
score 13.211869

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