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Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) belongs to the Iridaceae family. The stigma of saffron has been widely used as spice, medicinal plant, and food additive in the Mediterranean and Subtropical countries. Recently, attention has been paid to the identification of new sources of safe natural antioxidants for...

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Main Authors: Karimi, Ehsan, Oskoueian, Ehsan, Hendra, Rudi, Jaafar, Hawa Z. E.
Format: Article
Language:English
English
Published: MDPI 2010
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14597/1/Evaluation%20of%20Crocus%20sativus%20L.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14597/
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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spelling my.upm.eprints.145972015-09-22T07:24:20Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14597/ Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity. Karimi, Ehsan Oskoueian, Ehsan Hendra, Rudi Jaafar, Hawa Z. E. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) belongs to the Iridaceae family. The stigma of saffron has been widely used as spice, medicinal plant, and food additive in the Mediterranean and Subtropical countries. Recently, attention has been paid to the identification of new sources of safe natural antioxidants for the food industry. The antioxidant activities of spices are mainly attributed to their phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Saffron is one of the spices believed to possess antioxidant properties, but information on its antioxidant activity and phenolic, flavonoids compound are rather limited, therefore this research was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of saffron stigmas extracted with different solvents. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds of saffron were also examined using reversed phase (RP)-HPLC. Results showed that saffron stigma possess antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging and ferric reducing power activities were higher for the methanolic extract of saffron stigma at a concentration of 300 μg/mL, with values of 68.2% and 78.9%, respectively, as compared to the corresponding boiling water and ethanolic extracts, but the activities were lower than those of antioxidant standards such as BHT and α-tocopherol. The obtained total phenolics value for methanolic saffron extract was 6.54 ± 0.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW), and for total flavonoids, 5.88 ± 0.12 mg rutin equivalent/g DW, which were also higher than values obtained from the ethanolic and boiling water extracts. In addition, the RP-HPLC analyses indicated the presence of gallic acid and pyrogallol as two bioactive compounds. In summary, saffron stigmas showed antioxidant activity and methanol appeared to be the best solvent to extract the active components, among which the presence of gallic acid and pyrogallol might contribute towards the stigma's antioxidant properties. Hence, saffron stigma could be applied as a natural antioxidant source for industrial purposes. MDPI 2010 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14597/1/Evaluation%20of%20Crocus%20sativus%20L.pdf Karimi, Ehsan and Oskoueian, Ehsan and Hendra, Rudi and Jaafar, Hawa Z. E. (2010) Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity. Molecules, 15 (9). pp. 6244-6256. ISSN 1431-5157; ESSN: 1420-3049 http://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules 10.3390/molecules15096244 English
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
English
description Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) belongs to the Iridaceae family. The stigma of saffron has been widely used as spice, medicinal plant, and food additive in the Mediterranean and Subtropical countries. Recently, attention has been paid to the identification of new sources of safe natural antioxidants for the food industry. The antioxidant activities of spices are mainly attributed to their phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Saffron is one of the spices believed to possess antioxidant properties, but information on its antioxidant activity and phenolic, flavonoids compound are rather limited, therefore this research was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of saffron stigmas extracted with different solvents. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds of saffron were also examined using reversed phase (RP)-HPLC. Results showed that saffron stigma possess antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging and ferric reducing power activities were higher for the methanolic extract of saffron stigma at a concentration of 300 μg/mL, with values of 68.2% and 78.9%, respectively, as compared to the corresponding boiling water and ethanolic extracts, but the activities were lower than those of antioxidant standards such as BHT and α-tocopherol. The obtained total phenolics value for methanolic saffron extract was 6.54 ± 0.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW), and for total flavonoids, 5.88 ± 0.12 mg rutin equivalent/g DW, which were also higher than values obtained from the ethanolic and boiling water extracts. In addition, the RP-HPLC analyses indicated the presence of gallic acid and pyrogallol as two bioactive compounds. In summary, saffron stigmas showed antioxidant activity and methanol appeared to be the best solvent to extract the active components, among which the presence of gallic acid and pyrogallol might contribute towards the stigma's antioxidant properties. Hence, saffron stigma could be applied as a natural antioxidant source for industrial purposes.
format Article
author Karimi, Ehsan
Oskoueian, Ehsan
Hendra, Rudi
Jaafar, Hawa Z. E.
spellingShingle Karimi, Ehsan
Oskoueian, Ehsan
Hendra, Rudi
Jaafar, Hawa Z. E.
Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity.
author_facet Karimi, Ehsan
Oskoueian, Ehsan
Hendra, Rudi
Jaafar, Hawa Z. E.
author_sort Karimi, Ehsan
title Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity.
title_short Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity.
title_full Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity.
title_fullStr Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity.
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity.
title_sort evaluation of crocus sativus l. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity.
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2010
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14597/1/Evaluation%20of%20Crocus%20sativus%20L.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14597/
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
_version_ 1643825680766468096
score 13.211869

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