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The Efficacy of Garlic in Alleviating Phenanthrene and Chrysene Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats

Air pollution specifically referring to haze consists of numerous particles including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These particles consist of various compound including phenanthrene (Phen) and chrysene (Chry). Both of these are among hazardous compounds which are found during the haze per...

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Main Author: Md. Saad, Wan Mazlina
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2003
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11669/1/FPV_2003_10.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11669/
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spelling my.upm.eprints.116692024-06-24T07:53:42Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11669/ The Efficacy of Garlic in Alleviating Phenanthrene and Chrysene Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats Md. Saad, Wan Mazlina Air pollution specifically referring to haze consists of numerous particles including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These particles consist of various compound including phenanthrene (Phen) and chrysene (Chry). Both of these are among hazardous compounds which are found during the haze periods back in 1997 in Malaysia. This situation had a great impact on health and also on the economic status of the country as well. In finding strategies and bringing about a remission of noxious haze effects in humans, acute and chronic exposure to Phen, Chry and their combination were studied in rats. The acute exposure studies were conducted to evaluate apoptosis in the lung of rats following with Phen, Chry and Phen+Chry. Rats not receiving any treatment served as control while those administered with Phen, Chry and Phen+Chry were instilled at the dose of 14.87ng (7.4mI), 7.07ng (3.5ml) and 21.94ng (10.9m1) respectively. Animals in control and treated group were euthanised at 1, 8 and 24 hours post instillation (p.i.). Apoptosis detection was made on H&E stained paraffin-embedded sections, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling analysis (TUNEL) and DNA laddering of lung samples. Selected proteases were also examined from lung lavage of all rats. Apoptosis were observed in pneumocytes and bronchial epithelium of rats euthanised at the specific time pj and the percentage of apoptotic cells increased with time, especially in 24 hours pj.which were highest for group especially the combination group (p<0.05). This was confirmed by TUNEL analysis and DNA laddering. As for proteases, there was also elevation in the content of total protein, number of neutrophil and level of elastase. This activity also showed increased with time as compared to normal. The chronic exposure study was conducted on changes in the lung of Phen, Chry and Phen+Chry. These rats were kept for three months to assess histopathologic findings, immune response, level of marker enzyme, proteases and the effects of raw garlic as an anti-tumour factor. Rats from the control group, Phen, Chry and Phen+Chry were daily fed with commercial rat pellet while rats from garlic (G), Phen+G, Chry+G and Phen+Chry+G were fed with rat pellet mixed with garlic at the rate of 80 mg/kg body-weightlrat/day. From the observation rats from Phen, Chry and Phen+Chry group showed growth disturbances in pneumocytes and bronchial epitheliam including pulmonary mechanisms. Morphological changes including hyperplasia and metaplasia were among the finding in treatment groups. Necrosis was also detected in these groups. Rats induced with Phen and Chry particles showed a low level of IgG and IgA and alveolar macrophage activity in the lung. Furthermore, rats treated with these particles showed an elevation in glutathione-S-transferase and proteases activity. Rats treated with garlic had no significant lesions and marked elevation in pulmonary defense mechanism. Lastly, acute and chronic exposure to environmental pollutants such as Phen and Chry incites injury to the lung. Garlic has shown to be a great potential in alleviating chronic injury induced by Phen and Chry in the treated rats. 2003-11 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11669/1/FPV_2003_10.pdf Md. Saad, Wan Mazlina (2003) The Efficacy of Garlic in Alleviating Phenanthrene and Chrysene Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. English
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
English
description Air pollution specifically referring to haze consists of numerous particles including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These particles consist of various compound including phenanthrene (Phen) and chrysene (Chry). Both of these are among hazardous compounds which are found during the haze periods back in 1997 in Malaysia. This situation had a great impact on health and also on the economic status of the country as well. In finding strategies and bringing about a remission of noxious haze effects in humans, acute and chronic exposure to Phen, Chry and their combination were studied in rats. The acute exposure studies were conducted to evaluate apoptosis in the lung of rats following with Phen, Chry and Phen+Chry. Rats not receiving any treatment served as control while those administered with Phen, Chry and Phen+Chry were instilled at the dose of 14.87ng (7.4mI), 7.07ng (3.5ml) and 21.94ng (10.9m1) respectively. Animals in control and treated group were euthanised at 1, 8 and 24 hours post instillation (p.i.). Apoptosis detection was made on H&E stained paraffin-embedded sections, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling analysis (TUNEL) and DNA laddering of lung samples. Selected proteases were also examined from lung lavage of all rats. Apoptosis were observed in pneumocytes and bronchial epithelium of rats euthanised at the specific time pj and the percentage of apoptotic cells increased with time, especially in 24 hours pj.which were highest for group especially the combination group (p<0.05). This was confirmed by TUNEL analysis and DNA laddering. As for proteases, there was also elevation in the content of total protein, number of neutrophil and level of elastase. This activity also showed increased with time as compared to normal. The chronic exposure study was conducted on changes in the lung of Phen, Chry and Phen+Chry. These rats were kept for three months to assess histopathologic findings, immune response, level of marker enzyme, proteases and the effects of raw garlic as an anti-tumour factor. Rats from the control group, Phen, Chry and Phen+Chry were daily fed with commercial rat pellet while rats from garlic (G), Phen+G, Chry+G and Phen+Chry+G were fed with rat pellet mixed with garlic at the rate of 80 mg/kg body-weightlrat/day. From the observation rats from Phen, Chry and Phen+Chry group showed growth disturbances in pneumocytes and bronchial epitheliam including pulmonary mechanisms. Morphological changes including hyperplasia and metaplasia were among the finding in treatment groups. Necrosis was also detected in these groups. Rats induced with Phen and Chry particles showed a low level of IgG and IgA and alveolar macrophage activity in the lung. Furthermore, rats treated with these particles showed an elevation in glutathione-S-transferase and proteases activity. Rats treated with garlic had no significant lesions and marked elevation in pulmonary defense mechanism. Lastly, acute and chronic exposure to environmental pollutants such as Phen and Chry incites injury to the lung. Garlic has shown to be a great potential in alleviating chronic injury induced by Phen and Chry in the treated rats.
format Thesis
author Md. Saad, Wan Mazlina
spellingShingle Md. Saad, Wan Mazlina
The Efficacy of Garlic in Alleviating Phenanthrene and Chrysene Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats
author_facet Md. Saad, Wan Mazlina
author_sort Md. Saad, Wan Mazlina
title The Efficacy of Garlic in Alleviating Phenanthrene and Chrysene Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats
title_short The Efficacy of Garlic in Alleviating Phenanthrene and Chrysene Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats
title_full The Efficacy of Garlic in Alleviating Phenanthrene and Chrysene Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats
title_fullStr The Efficacy of Garlic in Alleviating Phenanthrene and Chrysene Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats
title_full_unstemmed The Efficacy of Garlic in Alleviating Phenanthrene and Chrysene Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats
title_sort efficacy of garlic in alleviating phenanthrene and chrysene induced pulmonary injury in rats
publishDate 2003
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11669/1/FPV_2003_10.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11669/
_version_ 1802978807951392768
score 13.211869

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