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Treatment of acute sore throat in Malaysia: a consensus of multidisciplinary recommendations using modified Delphi methodology

Introduction: Using antibiotics in the treatment of acute sore throats has been linked with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and needs to be addressed. The consensus sought to improve diagnostic accuracy, decrease unwarranted antibiotic prescriptions and enhance patient outcomes. Methods: A multidisci...

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Main Authors: Abdullah, Baharudin, Koh, Kar Chai, Mohamed, Mohazmi, Tan, Vincent Eng Soon, Mohammad, Nurashikin, Sekawi, Zamberi, Periyasamy, Petrick, Ramadas, Anitha, Duerden, Martin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dove Medical Press 2024
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114907/1/114907.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114907/
https://www.dovepress.com/treatment-of-acute-sore-throat-in-malaysia-a-consensus-of-multidiscipl-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1149072025-02-10T00:50:51Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114907/ Treatment of acute sore throat in Malaysia: a consensus of multidisciplinary recommendations using modified Delphi methodology Abdullah, Baharudin Koh, Kar Chai Mohamed, Mohazmi Tan, Vincent Eng Soon Mohammad, Nurashikin Sekawi, Zamberi Periyasamy, Petrick Ramadas, Anitha Duerden, Martin Introduction: Using antibiotics in the treatment of acute sore throats has been linked with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and needs to be addressed. The consensus sought to improve diagnostic accuracy, decrease unwarranted antibiotic prescriptions and enhance patient outcomes. Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of nine experts reviewed published literature and discussed current practices in managing sore throat. Ten evidence-based statements on sore throat and AMR, diagnostic accuracy and antibiotic prescribing, and symptomatic therapy were developed. A modified Delphi exercise was then carried out. A consensus was reached if at least 70% of the group agreed with the statement. Results: All 10 statements for managing acute sore throat achieved consensus. The major concern of AMR caused by improper antibiotic prescribing, particularly in cases of viral sore throat, was recognized. This underscores the need for improved diagnostic tools, such as the McIsaac score, to reduce needless antibiotic prescriptions. To improve patient satisfaction, effective pain management using non-antibiotic alternatives such as paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and flurbiprofen throat lozenges was recommended. Pain and inflammation can be adequately managed with low-dose NSAIDs. The potential benefits of topical NSAIDs were acknowledged for their milder safety profile than oral formulations. Conclusion: A consensus was achieved on the use of a clinical diagnostic tool, prudent use of antibiotics, and symptomatic therapy in acute sore throat management. The McIsaac score and point-of-care testing (POCT) for the presence of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) can aid in the decision-making process for antibiotic use, reducing needless prescriptions. The mainstay of therapy is symptomatic treatment, which includes the use of NSAIDs. Dove Medical Press 2024-09-24 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114907/1/114907.pdf Abdullah, Baharudin and Koh, Kar Chai and Mohamed, Mohazmi and Tan, Vincent Eng Soon and Mohammad, Nurashikin and Sekawi, Zamberi and Periyasamy, Petrick and Ramadas, Anitha and Duerden, Martin (2024) Treatment of acute sore throat in Malaysia: a consensus of multidisciplinary recommendations using modified Delphi methodology. Infection and Drug Resistance, 17. pp. 4149-4160. ISSN 1178-6973; eISSN: 1178-6973 https://www.dovepress.com/treatment-of-acute-sore-throat-in-malaysia-a-consensus-of-multidiscipl-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR 10.2147/IDR.S477038
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Introduction: Using antibiotics in the treatment of acute sore throats has been linked with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and needs to be addressed. The consensus sought to improve diagnostic accuracy, decrease unwarranted antibiotic prescriptions and enhance patient outcomes. Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of nine experts reviewed published literature and discussed current practices in managing sore throat. Ten evidence-based statements on sore throat and AMR, diagnostic accuracy and antibiotic prescribing, and symptomatic therapy were developed. A modified Delphi exercise was then carried out. A consensus was reached if at least 70% of the group agreed with the statement. Results: All 10 statements for managing acute sore throat achieved consensus. The major concern of AMR caused by improper antibiotic prescribing, particularly in cases of viral sore throat, was recognized. This underscores the need for improved diagnostic tools, such as the McIsaac score, to reduce needless antibiotic prescriptions. To improve patient satisfaction, effective pain management using non-antibiotic alternatives such as paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and flurbiprofen throat lozenges was recommended. Pain and inflammation can be adequately managed with low-dose NSAIDs. The potential benefits of topical NSAIDs were acknowledged for their milder safety profile than oral formulations. Conclusion: A consensus was achieved on the use of a clinical diagnostic tool, prudent use of antibiotics, and symptomatic therapy in acute sore throat management. The McIsaac score and point-of-care testing (POCT) for the presence of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) can aid in the decision-making process for antibiotic use, reducing needless prescriptions. The mainstay of therapy is symptomatic treatment, which includes the use of NSAIDs.
format Article
author Abdullah, Baharudin
Koh, Kar Chai
Mohamed, Mohazmi
Tan, Vincent Eng Soon
Mohammad, Nurashikin
Sekawi, Zamberi
Periyasamy, Petrick
Ramadas, Anitha
Duerden, Martin
spellingShingle Abdullah, Baharudin
Koh, Kar Chai
Mohamed, Mohazmi
Tan, Vincent Eng Soon
Mohammad, Nurashikin
Sekawi, Zamberi
Periyasamy, Petrick
Ramadas, Anitha
Duerden, Martin
Treatment of acute sore throat in Malaysia: a consensus of multidisciplinary recommendations using modified Delphi methodology
author_facet Abdullah, Baharudin
Koh, Kar Chai
Mohamed, Mohazmi
Tan, Vincent Eng Soon
Mohammad, Nurashikin
Sekawi, Zamberi
Periyasamy, Petrick
Ramadas, Anitha
Duerden, Martin
author_sort Abdullah, Baharudin
title Treatment of acute sore throat in Malaysia: a consensus of multidisciplinary recommendations using modified Delphi methodology
title_short Treatment of acute sore throat in Malaysia: a consensus of multidisciplinary recommendations using modified Delphi methodology
title_full Treatment of acute sore throat in Malaysia: a consensus of multidisciplinary recommendations using modified Delphi methodology
title_fullStr Treatment of acute sore throat in Malaysia: a consensus of multidisciplinary recommendations using modified Delphi methodology
title_full_unstemmed Treatment of acute sore throat in Malaysia: a consensus of multidisciplinary recommendations using modified Delphi methodology
title_sort treatment of acute sore throat in malaysia: a consensus of multidisciplinary recommendations using modified delphi methodology
publisher Dove Medical Press
publishDate 2024
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114907/1/114907.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114907/
https://www.dovepress.com/treatment-of-acute-sore-throat-in-malaysia-a-consensus-of-multidiscipl-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR
_version_ 1825162396202696704
score 13.244413

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