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Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics

Evaluating dietary guidelines using diet quality (DQ) offers valuable insights into the healthfulness of a population’s diet. We conducted a forensic analysis using DQ metrics to compare the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG-2020) with its former version (MDG-2010) in relation to cardiometabolic ris...

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Main Authors: Sualeheen, Ayesha, Khor, Ban Hock, Lim, Jun Hao, Balasubramanian, Gaiyal Viliy, Chuah, Khun Aik, Yeak, Zu Wei, Chinna, Karuthan, Narayanan, Sreelakshmi Sankara, Sundram, Kalyana, Mat Daud, Zulfitri Azuan, Karupaiah, Tilakavati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Research 2024
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114545/1/114545.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114545/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-70699-7?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4349822b-dd2b-4419-8df1-f49d7d7c7308
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1145452025-01-17T07:25:36Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114545/ Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics Sualeheen, Ayesha Khor, Ban Hock Lim, Jun Hao Balasubramanian, Gaiyal Viliy Chuah, Khun Aik Yeak, Zu Wei Chinna, Karuthan Narayanan, Sreelakshmi Sankara Sundram, Kalyana Mat Daud, Zulfitri Azuan Karupaiah, Tilakavati Evaluating dietary guidelines using diet quality (DQ) offers valuable insights into the healthfulness of a population’s diet. We conducted a forensic analysis using DQ metrics to compare the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG-2020) with its former version (MDG-2010) in relation to cardiometabolic risk (CMR) for an adult Malaysian population. A DQ analysis of cross-sectional data from the Malaysia Lipid Study (MLS) cohort (n = 577, age: 20-65yrs) was performed using the healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) framework in conformation with MDG-2020 (MHEI2020) and MDG-2010 (MHEI2010). Of 13 dietary components, recommended servings for whole grain, refined grain, beans and legumes, total protein, and dairy differed between MDGs. DQ score associations with CMR, dietary patterns and sociodemographic factors were examined. Out of 100, total DQ scores of MLS participants were ‘poor’ for both MHEI2020 (37.1 ± 10.3) and MHEI2010 (39.1 ± 10.4), especially among young adults, males, Malays, and those frequently ‘eating out’ as well as those with greatest adherence to Sugar-Sweetened Beverages pattern and lowest adherence to Food Plant pattern. Both metrics shared similar correlations with CMR markers, with MHEI2020 exhibiting stronger correlations with WC, BF%, TG, insulin, HOMA2-IR, and smallLDL than MHEI2010, primarily attributed to reduced refined grain serving. Notably, participants with the highest adherence to MHEI2020 scores exhibited significantly reduced odds for elevated TG (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.93, p = 0.030), HOMA2-IR (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.88, p = 0.022), and hsCRP (AOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.96, p = 0.040, compared to those with the lowest adherence. Each 5-unit increase in MHEI2020 scores reduced odds for elevated BMI (− 14%), WC (− 9%), LDL-C (− 32%), TG (− 15%), HOMA2-IR (− 9%) and hsCRP (− 12%). While MHEI2020 scores demonstrated better calibration with CMR indicators, the overall sub-optimally ‘poor’ DQ scores of this population call for health promotion activities to target the public to achieve adequate intake of healthful fruits, non-starchy vegetables and whole grain, and moderate intake of refinedgrain, added sugar and saturated fat. Nature Research 2024-08-28 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_nc_nd_4 http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114545/1/114545.pdf Sualeheen, Ayesha and Khor, Ban Hock and Lim, Jun Hao and Balasubramanian, Gaiyal Viliy and Chuah, Khun Aik and Yeak, Zu Wei and Chinna, Karuthan and Narayanan, Sreelakshmi Sankara and Sundram, Kalyana and Mat Daud, Zulfitri Azuan and Karupaiah, Tilakavati (2024) Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics. Scientific Reports, 14 (1). art. no. 19983. pp. 1-16. ISSN 2045-2322; eISSN: 2045-2322 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-70699-7?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4349822b-dd2b-4419-8df1-f49d7d7c7308 10.1038/s41598-024-70699-7
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Evaluating dietary guidelines using diet quality (DQ) offers valuable insights into the healthfulness of a population’s diet. We conducted a forensic analysis using DQ metrics to compare the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines (MDG-2020) with its former version (MDG-2010) in relation to cardiometabolic risk (CMR) for an adult Malaysian population. A DQ analysis of cross-sectional data from the Malaysia Lipid Study (MLS) cohort (n = 577, age: 20-65yrs) was performed using the healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) framework in conformation with MDG-2020 (MHEI2020) and MDG-2010 (MHEI2010). Of 13 dietary components, recommended servings for whole grain, refined grain, beans and legumes, total protein, and dairy differed between MDGs. DQ score associations with CMR, dietary patterns and sociodemographic factors were examined. Out of 100, total DQ scores of MLS participants were ‘poor’ for both MHEI2020 (37.1 ± 10.3) and MHEI2010 (39.1 ± 10.4), especially among young adults, males, Malays, and those frequently ‘eating out’ as well as those with greatest adherence to Sugar-Sweetened Beverages pattern and lowest adherence to Food Plant pattern. Both metrics shared similar correlations with CMR markers, with MHEI2020 exhibiting stronger correlations with WC, BF%, TG, insulin, HOMA2-IR, and smallLDL than MHEI2010, primarily attributed to reduced refined grain serving. Notably, participants with the highest adherence to MHEI2020 scores exhibited significantly reduced odds for elevated TG (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.93, p = 0.030), HOMA2-IR (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.88, p = 0.022), and hsCRP (AOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.96, p = 0.040, compared to those with the lowest adherence. Each 5-unit increase in MHEI2020 scores reduced odds for elevated BMI (− 14%), WC (− 9%), LDL-C (− 32%), TG (− 15%), HOMA2-IR (− 9%) and hsCRP (− 12%). While MHEI2020 scores demonstrated better calibration with CMR indicators, the overall sub-optimally ‘poor’ DQ scores of this population call for health promotion activities to target the public to achieve adequate intake of healthful fruits, non-starchy vegetables and whole grain, and moderate intake of refinedgrain, added sugar and saturated fat.
format Article
author Sualeheen, Ayesha
Khor, Ban Hock
Lim, Jun Hao
Balasubramanian, Gaiyal Viliy
Chuah, Khun Aik
Yeak, Zu Wei
Chinna, Karuthan
Narayanan, Sreelakshmi Sankara
Sundram, Kalyana
Mat Daud, Zulfitri Azuan
Karupaiah, Tilakavati
spellingShingle Sualeheen, Ayesha
Khor, Ban Hock
Lim, Jun Hao
Balasubramanian, Gaiyal Viliy
Chuah, Khun Aik
Yeak, Zu Wei
Chinna, Karuthan
Narayanan, Sreelakshmi Sankara
Sundram, Kalyana
Mat Daud, Zulfitri Azuan
Karupaiah, Tilakavati
Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics
author_facet Sualeheen, Ayesha
Khor, Ban Hock
Lim, Jun Hao
Balasubramanian, Gaiyal Viliy
Chuah, Khun Aik
Yeak, Zu Wei
Chinna, Karuthan
Narayanan, Sreelakshmi Sankara
Sundram, Kalyana
Mat Daud, Zulfitri Azuan
Karupaiah, Tilakavati
author_sort Sualeheen, Ayesha
title Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics
title_short Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics
title_full Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics
title_fullStr Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics
title_full_unstemmed Investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics
title_sort investigating the impact of dietary guidelines transition on cardiometabolic risk profile: a forensic analysis using diet quality metrics
publisher Nature Research
publishDate 2024
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114545/1/114545.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114545/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-70699-7?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4349822b-dd2b-4419-8df1-f49d7d7c7308
_version_ 1823093199195865088
score 13.239859

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