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Effects of deforestation on soil and atmospheric carbon balance in Sungai Menyala Forest, Port Dickson, Malaysia

Soil CO2 efflux has been identified as playing a key role in the forest carbon balance, as logging and recovering forest ecosystems increase CO2 efflux into the atmospheric carbon pool in response to changes in environmental factors such as soil temperature and soil moisture. Hence, it is essenti...

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Main Author: Mande, Hosea Kato
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2014
Subjects:
Deforestation
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114009/1/114009.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114009/
http://ethesis.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/18064
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id my.upm.eprints.114009
record_format eprints
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
topic Deforestation
spellingShingle Deforestation
Mande, Hosea Kato
Effects of deforestation on soil and atmospheric carbon balance in Sungai Menyala Forest, Port Dickson, Malaysia
description Soil CO2 efflux has been identified as playing a key role in the forest carbon balance, as logging and recovering forest ecosystems increase CO2 efflux into the atmospheric carbon pool in response to changes in environmental factors such as soil temperature and soil moisture. Hence, it is essential to understand soil CO2 efflux in forests of different ages, logged-over areas and the carbon cycles in the tropical lowland forest of Peninsular Malaysia. The aim of this study is to assess soil CO2 efflux from logged-over forest and recovering forest of different age and it effects on the atmospheric carbon balance. A study was conducted in the recovering tropical lowland forest of Sungai Menyala, Port Dickson, Peninsular Malaysia. Five experimental plots were established based on logged-over area, recovering forests of different ages (10, 30, 50, and 70-year forests) and tree mixed species, as this is significant in efflux estimation and the effect of soil CO2 efflux from these various forest of different age. Soil CO2 efflux measurement was conducted in the day time from February to June and September to December 2013, using a constructed continuous open flow chamber technique connected to a multi gas-handling unit and infrared CO2/H2O gas analyser. The soil temperature and soil moisture were measured while forest biomass; total above ground biomass (TAGB), below ground biomass (BGB), total forest carbon (SOCs), soil organic carbon stock (SOCstock) and total organic carbon (TOC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil pH, bulk density and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) were measured and analysed based on the standard method. The results indicated that the soil CO2 efflux varies, temporarily increasing from February and peaking in June and decreasing from September to December parallel to the soil temperature and soil moisture. The efflux rate showed a positive and significant correlation between soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature and soil moisture, forest biomass carbon input, changes in total organic carbon and soil organic carbon (R2=0.958; p˂0.01), suggesting that the environmental factors influence the soil CO2 efflux. The results showed that soil CO2 efflux was the highest in the logged-over area and decreased as the forest increased in age: 10, 30, 50, 70-years old recovering forest at 392.14, 383.07, 372.26, 329.18 and 319.08 mg m-2 h-1, respectively, and, in comparison, the primary forest was recorded to emit the lowest CO2 efflux at 301.23 mg m-2 h-1. A high percentage of TOC, SOC and SOCstock concentration occurred within the top 10 cm soil depth and decreased with the depth. Similarly, a high amount of forest biomass carbon input was recorded, both tending to be significantly higher in the older forest and decreased with forest age. The soil temperature was observed to increase from February to June and decrease from September to December while the soil moisture decreased during the Southwest monsoon regime and increased during the Northeast monsoon period, thereby increasing the soil CO2 efflux. These results indicated that the soil CO2 efflux increased in the logged-over forest and decreased as the forest recovered. This is attributed to the high activities of microorganisms in the presence of changes in the environmental factors and soil properties, and exposure of the surface of the land directly to heat in the logged over area. In comparison, the lower soil CO2 efflux in the recovering forests increased their carbon use efficiency, as the increase in the canopy cover in the recovering forest absorbed the CO2 for photosynthesis, caused refraction of the solar radiation and regulated the forest floor temperature. The high percentage of CO2 efflux into the atmospheric carbon pool from the logged area signified that logging activity has wide-reaching consequences and displaced a considerable amount of soil CO2 into the atmospheric carbon pool, and had a marked influence on the atmospheric carbon balance. In spite high soil CO2 efflux recorded from the logged-over forest, the percentage of soil CO2 reduction between the logged-over forest and the recovering forest ranged between 2.31 to 23.18%. This Indicate that forest recovering would serve as a carbon sink and forest logging will be an implication for the atmospheric carbon balance.
format Thesis
author Mande, Hosea Kato
author_facet Mande, Hosea Kato
author_sort Mande, Hosea Kato
title Effects of deforestation on soil and atmospheric carbon balance in Sungai Menyala Forest, Port Dickson, Malaysia
title_short Effects of deforestation on soil and atmospheric carbon balance in Sungai Menyala Forest, Port Dickson, Malaysia
title_full Effects of deforestation on soil and atmospheric carbon balance in Sungai Menyala Forest, Port Dickson, Malaysia
title_fullStr Effects of deforestation on soil and atmospheric carbon balance in Sungai Menyala Forest, Port Dickson, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Effects of deforestation on soil and atmospheric carbon balance in Sungai Menyala Forest, Port Dickson, Malaysia
title_sort effects of deforestation on soil and atmospheric carbon balance in sungai menyala forest, port dickson, malaysia
publishDate 2014
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114009/1/114009.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114009/
http://ethesis.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/18064
_version_ 1817844695659708416
spelling my.upm.eprints.1140092024-12-05T01:27:31Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114009/ Effects of deforestation on soil and atmospheric carbon balance in Sungai Menyala Forest, Port Dickson, Malaysia Mande, Hosea Kato Soil CO2 efflux has been identified as playing a key role in the forest carbon balance, as logging and recovering forest ecosystems increase CO2 efflux into the atmospheric carbon pool in response to changes in environmental factors such as soil temperature and soil moisture. Hence, it is essential to understand soil CO2 efflux in forests of different ages, logged-over areas and the carbon cycles in the tropical lowland forest of Peninsular Malaysia. The aim of this study is to assess soil CO2 efflux from logged-over forest and recovering forest of different age and it effects on the atmospheric carbon balance. A study was conducted in the recovering tropical lowland forest of Sungai Menyala, Port Dickson, Peninsular Malaysia. Five experimental plots were established based on logged-over area, recovering forests of different ages (10, 30, 50, and 70-year forests) and tree mixed species, as this is significant in efflux estimation and the effect of soil CO2 efflux from these various forest of different age. Soil CO2 efflux measurement was conducted in the day time from February to June and September to December 2013, using a constructed continuous open flow chamber technique connected to a multi gas-handling unit and infrared CO2/H2O gas analyser. The soil temperature and soil moisture were measured while forest biomass; total above ground biomass (TAGB), below ground biomass (BGB), total forest carbon (SOCs), soil organic carbon stock (SOCstock) and total organic carbon (TOC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil pH, bulk density and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) were measured and analysed based on the standard method. The results indicated that the soil CO2 efflux varies, temporarily increasing from February and peaking in June and decreasing from September to December parallel to the soil temperature and soil moisture. The efflux rate showed a positive and significant correlation between soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature and soil moisture, forest biomass carbon input, changes in total organic carbon and soil organic carbon (R2=0.958; p˂0.01), suggesting that the environmental factors influence the soil CO2 efflux. The results showed that soil CO2 efflux was the highest in the logged-over area and decreased as the forest increased in age: 10, 30, 50, 70-years old recovering forest at 392.14, 383.07, 372.26, 329.18 and 319.08 mg m-2 h-1, respectively, and, in comparison, the primary forest was recorded to emit the lowest CO2 efflux at 301.23 mg m-2 h-1. A high percentage of TOC, SOC and SOCstock concentration occurred within the top 10 cm soil depth and decreased with the depth. Similarly, a high amount of forest biomass carbon input was recorded, both tending to be significantly higher in the older forest and decreased with forest age. The soil temperature was observed to increase from February to June and decrease from September to December while the soil moisture decreased during the Southwest monsoon regime and increased during the Northeast monsoon period, thereby increasing the soil CO2 efflux. These results indicated that the soil CO2 efflux increased in the logged-over forest and decreased as the forest recovered. This is attributed to the high activities of microorganisms in the presence of changes in the environmental factors and soil properties, and exposure of the surface of the land directly to heat in the logged over area. In comparison, the lower soil CO2 efflux in the recovering forests increased their carbon use efficiency, as the increase in the canopy cover in the recovering forest absorbed the CO2 for photosynthesis, caused refraction of the solar radiation and regulated the forest floor temperature. The high percentage of CO2 efflux into the atmospheric carbon pool from the logged area signified that logging activity has wide-reaching consequences and displaced a considerable amount of soil CO2 into the atmospheric carbon pool, and had a marked influence on the atmospheric carbon balance. In spite high soil CO2 efflux recorded from the logged-over forest, the percentage of soil CO2 reduction between the logged-over forest and the recovering forest ranged between 2.31 to 23.18%. This Indicate that forest recovering would serve as a carbon sink and forest logging will be an implication for the atmospheric carbon balance. 2014-12 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/114009/1/114009.pdf Mande, Hosea Kato (2014) Effects of deforestation on soil and atmospheric carbon balance in Sungai Menyala Forest, Port Dickson, Malaysia. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. http://ethesis.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/18064 Deforestation
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