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Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus fungi which can cause liver cancer in animals and humans. This study aims to perform the risk assessment of AFB1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements (PFS) in Malaysian market. A total of 31 herbal medicines and...

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Main Authors: Ab Dullah, Siti Soleha, Sabran, Mohd Redzwan, Hasiah, Ab Hamid, Abdullah, Rozaini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BioMed Central 2023
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110324/1/s41021-023-00286-1.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110324/
https://genesenvironment.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41021-023-00286-1
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1103242024-09-11T06:45:29Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110324/ Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches Ab Dullah, Siti Soleha Sabran, Mohd Redzwan Hasiah, Ab Hamid Abdullah, Rozaini Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus fungi which can cause liver cancer in animals and humans. This study aims to perform the risk assessment of AFB1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements (PFS) in Malaysian market. A total of 31 herbal medicines and PFS were purchased through online platforms and over the counter using a targeted sampling strategy. Of 31 samples analysed using the ELISA method, 25 (80.6) were contaminated with AFB1 at levels ranged from 0.275 to 13.941 μg/kg. The Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence level of 10 (BMDL10) of 63.46 ng/kg bw/day and the estimated dietary intake of the adult population ranged from 0.006 to 10.456 ng/kg bw/day were used to calculate the Margin of Exposure (MOE). The MOEs for 24 (96) out of the 25 positive samples were lower than 10,000. The RISK21 matrix revealed that AFB1 exposure levels from herbal medicines and PFS differed greatly over the world. The calculated population risk of acquiring liver cancer from AFB1 exposure ranged from 0 to 0.261 cancers/100,000 populations/year and accounted for an estimated percentage of liver cancer incidence ranged from 0.002 to 4.149. This study revealed a moderate risk of liver cancer attributable to AFB1 from herbal medicine and PFS among Malaysian populations and emphasised an urgency for risk management actions. BioMed Central 2023 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110324/1/s41021-023-00286-1.pdf Ab Dullah, Siti Soleha and Sabran, Mohd Redzwan and Hasiah, Ab Hamid and Abdullah, Rozaini (2023) Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches. Genes and Environment, 45 (31). pp. 1-11. ISSN 1880-7046; ESSN: 1880-7062 https://genesenvironment.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41021-023-00286-1 10.1186/s41021-023-00286-1
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus fungi which can cause liver cancer in animals and humans. This study aims to perform the risk assessment of AFB1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements (PFS) in Malaysian market. A total of 31 herbal medicines and PFS were purchased through online platforms and over the counter using a targeted sampling strategy. Of 31 samples analysed using the ELISA method, 25 (80.6) were contaminated with AFB1 at levels ranged from 0.275 to 13.941 μg/kg. The Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence level of 10 (BMDL10) of 63.46 ng/kg bw/day and the estimated dietary intake of the adult population ranged from 0.006 to 10.456 ng/kg bw/day were used to calculate the Margin of Exposure (MOE). The MOEs for 24 (96) out of the 25 positive samples were lower than 10,000. The RISK21 matrix revealed that AFB1 exposure levels from herbal medicines and PFS differed greatly over the world. The calculated population risk of acquiring liver cancer from AFB1 exposure ranged from 0 to 0.261 cancers/100,000 populations/year and accounted for an estimated percentage of liver cancer incidence ranged from 0.002 to 4.149. This study revealed a moderate risk of liver cancer attributable to AFB1 from herbal medicine and PFS among Malaysian populations and emphasised an urgency for risk management actions.
format Article
author Ab Dullah, Siti Soleha
Sabran, Mohd Redzwan
Hasiah, Ab Hamid
Abdullah, Rozaini
spellingShingle Ab Dullah, Siti Soleha
Sabran, Mohd Redzwan
Hasiah, Ab Hamid
Abdullah, Rozaini
Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches
author_facet Ab Dullah, Siti Soleha
Sabran, Mohd Redzwan
Hasiah, Ab Hamid
Abdullah, Rozaini
author_sort Ab Dullah, Siti Soleha
title Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches
title_short Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches
title_full Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches
title_fullStr Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches
title_full_unstemmed Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches
title_sort risk assessment of aflatoxin b1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in malaysia using margin of exposure and risk21 approaches
publisher BioMed Central
publishDate 2023
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110324/1/s41021-023-00286-1.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110324/
https://genesenvironment.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41021-023-00286-1
_version_ 1811686064359735296
score 13.211869

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