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In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi

Post-harvest losses of crops in Malaysia is estimated at around 20%. Fungal infection is one of the primary causes of post-harvest loss in fruits. The common use of synthetic fungicide to combat fruit rot fungi poses negative impacts on human health and the environment. The objective of this study w...

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Main Authors:	Shaari, Fatin Nabila, Mohd Zainudin, Nur Ain Izzati
Format:	Article
Published:	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM Press) 2023
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110172/ https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol52num9_2023/contentsVol52num9_2023.html
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spelling	my.upm.eprints.1101722024-09-04T04:20:06Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110172/ In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi Shaari, Fatin Nabila Mohd Zainudin, Nur Ain Izzati Post-harvest losses of crops in Malaysia is estimated at around 20%. Fungal infection is one of the primary causes of post-harvest loss in fruits. The common use of synthetic fungicide to combat fruit rot fungi poses negative impacts on human health and the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of selected plant species as a safer alternative for post-harvest treatment. Ethanolic leaf extracts of Piper sarmentosum, Psidium guajava, and Cymbopogon citratus were tested against Fusarium oxysporum from tomato rot, Fusarium proliferatum from banana rot, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from mango rot. In vitro analysis was conducted using poisoned food bioassay and the percentage inhibitions of Fusarium oxysporum growth were 93.50% by Piper sarmentosumextract, 46.68% by Psidium guajavaextract, and 40.48% by Cymbopogon citratus extract. A test on a different fungus, Fusarium proliferatum, showed that Piper sarmentosum, Psidium guajava, and Cymbopogon citratusextracts displayed percentage inhibitions of 88.78%, 36.66%, and 22.44%, respectively. In vitro test on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed that Piper sarmentosum extract inhibited the fungal growth by 96.23%, while Cymbopogon citratus and Psidium guajava extract inhibited the fungal growth by 52.62% and 52.22%, respectively. The mechanism of action of these extracts appeared to be fungistatic. Piper sarmentosum was selected for further analysis by in vivo assay as it displayed the most significant anti-fungal action. The study was conducted using Piper sarmentosumleaf extract of various concentrations (25, 50, 50, and 100 mg/mL). The leaf extract displayed dose-dependent activity, with the highest reduction in disease severity observed at concentration of 100 mg/mL. The findings showed the potential use of Piper sarmentosum, Psidium guajava, and Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract as anti-fungal agent for post-harvest treatment to minimize fruit loss. Piper sarmentosum leaf extract showed comparable inhibitory action to commercial fungicide carbendazim. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM Press) 2023 Article PeerReviewed Shaari, Fatin Nabila and Mohd Zainudin, Nur Ain Izzati (2023) In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi. Sains Malaysiana, 52 (9). 2545- 2557. ISSN 0126-6039; ESSN: 2735-0118 https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol52num9_2023/contentsVol52num9_2023.html 10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-06
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description	Post-harvest losses of crops in Malaysia is estimated at around 20%. Fungal infection is one of the primary causes of post-harvest loss in fruits. The common use of synthetic fungicide to combat fruit rot fungi poses negative impacts on human health and the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of selected plant species as a safer alternative for post-harvest treatment. Ethanolic leaf extracts of Piper sarmentosum, Psidium guajava, and Cymbopogon citratus were tested against Fusarium oxysporum from tomato rot, Fusarium proliferatum from banana rot, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from mango rot. In vitro analysis was conducted using poisoned food bioassay and the percentage inhibitions of Fusarium oxysporum growth were 93.50% by Piper sarmentosumextract, 46.68% by Psidium guajavaextract, and 40.48% by Cymbopogon citratus extract. A test on a different fungus, Fusarium proliferatum, showed that Piper sarmentosum, Psidium guajava, and Cymbopogon citratusextracts displayed percentage inhibitions of 88.78%, 36.66%, and 22.44%, respectively. In vitro test on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed that Piper sarmentosum extract inhibited the fungal growth by 96.23%, while Cymbopogon citratus and Psidium guajava extract inhibited the fungal growth by 52.62% and 52.22%, respectively. The mechanism of action of these extracts appeared to be fungistatic. Piper sarmentosum was selected for further analysis by in vivo assay as it displayed the most significant anti-fungal action. The study was conducted using Piper sarmentosumleaf extract of various concentrations (25, 50, 50, and 100 mg/mL). The leaf extract displayed dose-dependent activity, with the highest reduction in disease severity observed at concentration of 100 mg/mL. The findings showed the potential use of Piper sarmentosum, Psidium guajava, and Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract as anti-fungal agent for post-harvest treatment to minimize fruit loss. Piper sarmentosum leaf extract showed comparable inhibitory action to commercial fungicide carbendazim.
format	Article
author	Shaari, Fatin Nabila Mohd Zainudin, Nur Ain Izzati
spellingShingle	Shaari, Fatin Nabila Mohd Zainudin, Nur Ain Izzati In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi
author_facet	Shaari, Fatin Nabila Mohd Zainudin, Nur Ain Izzati
author_sort	Shaari, Fatin Nabila
title	In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi
title_short	In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi
title_full	In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi
title_fullStr	In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi
title_full_unstemmed	In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi
title_sort	in vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi
publisher	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM Press)
publishDate	2023
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/110172/ https://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol52num9_2023/contentsVol52num9_2023.html
_version_	1811686054861733888
score	13.211869

In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi

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