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Mitigation of lightning-induced transient effects on a hybrid photovoltaic–wind system based on lightning protection standards

Installing surge protection devices in a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–wind system is essential to guarantee the survival of the system’s components. If the surge arresters are connected without taking into account the recommendations given by standards, the equipment to be protected might be damaged des...

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Main Authors: Abda, Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid, Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin, Hizam, Hashim, Gomes, Chandima
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109573/1/109573.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109573/
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/7/707
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1095732025-01-09T02:28:52Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109573/ Mitigation of lightning-induced transient effects on a hybrid photovoltaic–wind system based on lightning protection standards Abda, Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Hizam, Hashim Gomes, Chandima Installing surge protection devices in a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–wind system is essential to guarantee the survival of the system’s components. If the surge arresters are connected without taking into account the recommendations given by standards, the equipment to be protected might be damaged despite the energy coordination of the arresters. In this study, nonlinear surge protective devices (SPDs) are designed for a multi-MW hybrid system based on lightning protection standards with optimised threat level ratings to investigate the mitigation of lightning transients to an acceptable level. The system is implemented using Power System Computer-Aided Design for Electromagnetic Transients including Direct Current (PSCAD/EMTDC) software. It comprises a 2 MW PV farm, a 2 MW wind farm, and a backup energy storage system (ESS), which are all connected to a 132 kV grid via a step-up transformer and a transmission line. The results were obtained at critical system nodes for two standard lightning current surges, i.e., 1/10 µs and 10/350 µs, considering two lightning strike point scenarios with and without a lightning protection system (LPS). The simulation results showed that the connected SPDs could successfully limit the transient overvoltage in the system to an acceptable level. The analysis in this work is crucial for designing, operating, and maintaining a hybrid PV–wind system. It can help to find the potential vulnerability areas within such a system and implement appropriate protection measures since there is no available lightning standard for such systems. Additionally, it assists the system operators in increasing the uptime and dependability of their RE systems, limiting expensive downtime and environmental effects while optimising energy output. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made for lightning protection developers. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023-07-03 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109573/1/109573.pdf Abda, Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid and Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin and Hizam, Hashim and Gomes, Chandima (2023) Mitigation of lightning-induced transient effects on a hybrid photovoltaic–wind system based on lightning protection standards. Machines, 11 (7). art. no. 707. pp. 1-17. ISSN 2075-1702 https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/7/707 10.3390/machines11070707
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Installing surge protection devices in a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–wind system is essential to guarantee the survival of the system’s components. If the surge arresters are connected without taking into account the recommendations given by standards, the equipment to be protected might be damaged despite the energy coordination of the arresters. In this study, nonlinear surge protective devices (SPDs) are designed for a multi-MW hybrid system based on lightning protection standards with optimised threat level ratings to investigate the mitigation of lightning transients to an acceptable level. The system is implemented using Power System Computer-Aided Design for Electromagnetic Transients including Direct Current (PSCAD/EMTDC) software. It comprises a 2 MW PV farm, a 2 MW wind farm, and a backup energy storage system (ESS), which are all connected to a 132 kV grid via a step-up transformer and a transmission line. The results were obtained at critical system nodes for two standard lightning current surges, i.e., 1/10 µs and 10/350 µs, considering two lightning strike point scenarios with and without a lightning protection system (LPS). The simulation results showed that the connected SPDs could successfully limit the transient overvoltage in the system to an acceptable level. The analysis in this work is crucial for designing, operating, and maintaining a hybrid PV–wind system. It can help to find the potential vulnerability areas within such a system and implement appropriate protection measures since there is no available lightning standard for such systems. Additionally, it assists the system operators in increasing the uptime and dependability of their RE systems, limiting expensive downtime and environmental effects while optimising energy output. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made for lightning protection developers.
format Article
author Abda, Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid
Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin
Hizam, Hashim
Gomes, Chandima
spellingShingle Abda, Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid
Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin
Hizam, Hashim
Gomes, Chandima
Mitigation of lightning-induced transient effects on a hybrid photovoltaic–wind system based on lightning protection standards
author_facet Abda, Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid
Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin
Hizam, Hashim
Gomes, Chandima
author_sort Abda, Zmnako Mohammed Khurshid
title Mitigation of lightning-induced transient effects on a hybrid photovoltaic–wind system based on lightning protection standards
title_short Mitigation of lightning-induced transient effects on a hybrid photovoltaic–wind system based on lightning protection standards
title_full Mitigation of lightning-induced transient effects on a hybrid photovoltaic–wind system based on lightning protection standards
title_fullStr Mitigation of lightning-induced transient effects on a hybrid photovoltaic–wind system based on lightning protection standards
title_full_unstemmed Mitigation of lightning-induced transient effects on a hybrid photovoltaic–wind system based on lightning protection standards
title_sort mitigation of lightning-induced transient effects on a hybrid photovoltaic–wind system based on lightning protection standards
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publishDate 2023
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109573/1/109573.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/109573/
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/7/707
_version_ 1821003740330590208
score 13.226497

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