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Exploring the potential of highly efficient graphite/chitosan–PVC composite electrodes in the electrochemical degradation of Reactive Red 4

BACKGROUND Previous reported studies revealed that composite electrodes are effective and suitable for wastewater treatment applications owing to their high porosity and increased electrochemical active area. However, the critical challenges to the wider adoption of composite electrodes for environ...

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Main Author: Lahuri, Azizul Hakim
Format: Article
Published: Wiley 2021
Subjects:
Electrolytes - Conductivity
Electromechanical devices - Research
Electrodes
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108534/
https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jctb.6924
https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6924
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1085342024-04-16T07:05:56Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108534/ Exploring the potential of highly efficient graphite/chitosan–PVC composite electrodes in the electrochemical degradation of Reactive Red 4 Lahuri, Azizul Hakim BACKGROUND Previous reported studies revealed that composite electrodes are effective and suitable for wastewater treatment applications owing to their high porosity and increased electrochemical active area. However, the critical challenges to the wider adoption of composite electrodes for environmental applications are the need to reduce the cost of electrode materials, and to improve both their long-term stability and electrocatalytic performance. This study aims to investigate the efficiency and stability of low-cost graphite/chitosan-polyvinyl chloride (C/Chi-PVC) composite electrodes for Reactive Red 4 (RR4) degradation. Toxicity of the treated RR4 wastewater also was investigated using a seed germination test. RESULTS A cyclic voltammetry study conducted revealed that C49/Chi21-PVC30 (49% C, 21% Chi, 30% PVC) showed better electrochemical behaviour for hypochlorous ion (OCl−) formation, which is responsible for RR4 degradation via indirect electrochemical reaction. Owing to the synergistic effect of both materials, high colour, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals of 99.61%, 89.68% and 76.35%, respectively, were achieved with less electrode damage at optimum electrolysis parameters. The treated RR4 solution displayed low toxicity after 14 days of exposure to the water sample. The electrode stability in the aggressive OCl− solution was studied by characterization of fresh and used electrodes using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX). This showed no significant difference in surface roughness and elemental composition; the reusability test confirmed that the electrode can be applied in repeated electrolysis. CONCLUSION Overall, the fabricated electrode in this study showed high efficiency with robust and durable characteristics for wastewater treatment applications Wiley 2021-09-15 Article PeerReviewed Lahuri, Azizul Hakim (2021) Exploring the potential of highly efficient graphite/chitosan–PVC composite electrodes in the electrochemical degradation of Reactive Red 4. Chemical technology, 97 (1). pp. 147-159. ISSN 0268-2575 https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jctb.6924 Electrolytes - Conductivity Electromechanical devices - Research Electrodes https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6924
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
topic Electrolytes - Conductivity
Electromechanical devices - Research
Electrodes
spellingShingle Electrolytes - Conductivity
Electromechanical devices - Research
Electrodes
Lahuri, Azizul Hakim
Exploring the potential of highly efficient graphite/chitosan–PVC composite electrodes in the electrochemical degradation of Reactive Red 4
description BACKGROUND Previous reported studies revealed that composite electrodes are effective and suitable for wastewater treatment applications owing to their high porosity and increased electrochemical active area. However, the critical challenges to the wider adoption of composite electrodes for environmental applications are the need to reduce the cost of electrode materials, and to improve both their long-term stability and electrocatalytic performance. This study aims to investigate the efficiency and stability of low-cost graphite/chitosan-polyvinyl chloride (C/Chi-PVC) composite electrodes for Reactive Red 4 (RR4) degradation. Toxicity of the treated RR4 wastewater also was investigated using a seed germination test. RESULTS A cyclic voltammetry study conducted revealed that C49/Chi21-PVC30 (49% C, 21% Chi, 30% PVC) showed better electrochemical behaviour for hypochlorous ion (OCl−) formation, which is responsible for RR4 degradation via indirect electrochemical reaction. Owing to the synergistic effect of both materials, high colour, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals of 99.61%, 89.68% and 76.35%, respectively, were achieved with less electrode damage at optimum electrolysis parameters. The treated RR4 solution displayed low toxicity after 14 days of exposure to the water sample. The electrode stability in the aggressive OCl− solution was studied by characterization of fresh and used electrodes using field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX). This showed no significant difference in surface roughness and elemental composition; the reusability test confirmed that the electrode can be applied in repeated electrolysis. CONCLUSION Overall, the fabricated electrode in this study showed high efficiency with robust and durable characteristics for wastewater treatment applications
format Article
author Lahuri, Azizul Hakim
author_facet Lahuri, Azizul Hakim
author_sort Lahuri, Azizul Hakim
title Exploring the potential of highly efficient graphite/chitosan–PVC composite electrodes in the electrochemical degradation of Reactive Red 4
title_short Exploring the potential of highly efficient graphite/chitosan–PVC composite electrodes in the electrochemical degradation of Reactive Red 4
title_full Exploring the potential of highly efficient graphite/chitosan–PVC composite electrodes in the electrochemical degradation of Reactive Red 4
title_fullStr Exploring the potential of highly efficient graphite/chitosan–PVC composite electrodes in the electrochemical degradation of Reactive Red 4
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the potential of highly efficient graphite/chitosan–PVC composite electrodes in the electrochemical degradation of Reactive Red 4
title_sort exploring the potential of highly efficient graphite/chitosan–pvc composite electrodes in the electrochemical degradation of reactive red 4
publisher Wiley
publishDate 2021
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/108534/
https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jctb.6924
https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6924
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score 13.244367

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