Staff View: Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis

Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis

The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been proposed as an eco-friendly and cost-effective substitute for chemical and physical methods. The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles using the peel extract of Citrus aurantifolia fruit, and to de-termine the p...

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Main Authors:	Mustapha, Tijjani, Ithnin, Nur Raihana, Othman, Hidayatulfathi, Abu Hasan, Zatul-’Iffah, Misni, Norashiqin
Format:	Article
Published:	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2023
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106886/ https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/8/1648
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spelling	my.upm.eprints.1068862024-10-03T04:34:26Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106886/ Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis Mustapha, Tijjani Ithnin, Nur Raihana Othman, Hidayatulfathi Abu Hasan, Zatul-’Iffah Misni, Norashiqin The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been proposed as an eco-friendly and cost-effective substitute for chemical and physical methods. The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles using the peel extract of Citrus aurantifolia fruit, and to de-termine the possible phytochemical constituents presence in the plant extracts that might be re-sponsible for the synthesis. Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extraction was followed by phytochemical studies of secondary metabolites, FTIR analysis confirmation of functional groups, and GC-MS analysis. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized through bio-reduction of silver ions (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles using CAFPE and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, HR-TEM, FESEM, EDX, XRD, DLS, and FTIR. The presence of plant secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, and steroids was detected. The FTIR analysis of the extract revealed the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, amine, and phenyl, whereas the GC-MS analysis indicated presence of chemical compounds such as 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic acid, Fumaric acid, nonyl pentadecyl, and 4-Methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxy-acetophenone etc, with similar functional groups. The synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP) has displayed the characteristics of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band peak from 360-405 nm. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and field emission scan electron microscope (FESEM) confirm polydisperse, spherical shaped and smooth surface nanoparticles with an average size of 24.023 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis further revealed that silver is the most abundant element found in the micrograph of the nanoparticles, and FTIR analysis further confirmed the presence of different functional groups in the surface of the nanoparticle. XRD analysis also confirmed that the nanoparticles synthesized are crystalline in nature. Based on the findings of this study, it is understood that the variety of natural compounds that are present in plant extracts of Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel can act as both reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. It is therefore, concluded that Citrus aurantifolia peel extract can be potentially used for the large production of silver na-noparticles for several applications. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2023 Article PeerReviewed Mustapha, Tijjani and Ithnin, Nur Raihana and Othman, Hidayatulfathi and Abu Hasan, Zatul-’Iffah and Misni, Norashiqin (2023) Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis. Plants, 12 (8). art. no. 1648. pp. 1-17. ISSN 2223-7747 https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/8/1648 10.3390/plants12081648
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description	The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been proposed as an eco-friendly and cost-effective substitute for chemical and physical methods. The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles using the peel extract of Citrus aurantifolia fruit, and to de-termine the possible phytochemical constituents presence in the plant extracts that might be re-sponsible for the synthesis. Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extraction was followed by phytochemical studies of secondary metabolites, FTIR analysis confirmation of functional groups, and GC-MS analysis. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized through bio-reduction of silver ions (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles using CAFPE and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, HR-TEM, FESEM, EDX, XRD, DLS, and FTIR. The presence of plant secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, and steroids was detected. The FTIR analysis of the extract revealed the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, amine, and phenyl, whereas the GC-MS analysis indicated presence of chemical compounds such as 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic acid, Fumaric acid, nonyl pentadecyl, and 4-Methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxy-acetophenone etc, with similar functional groups. The synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP) has displayed the characteristics of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band peak from 360-405 nm. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and field emission scan electron microscope (FESEM) confirm polydisperse, spherical shaped and smooth surface nanoparticles with an average size of 24.023 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis further revealed that silver is the most abundant element found in the micrograph of the nanoparticles, and FTIR analysis further confirmed the presence of different functional groups in the surface of the nanoparticle. XRD analysis also confirmed that the nanoparticles synthesized are crystalline in nature. Based on the findings of this study, it is understood that the variety of natural compounds that are present in plant extracts of Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel can act as both reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. It is therefore, concluded that Citrus aurantifolia peel extract can be potentially used for the large production of silver na-noparticles for several applications.
format	Article
author	Mustapha, Tijjani Ithnin, Nur Raihana Othman, Hidayatulfathi Abu Hasan, Zatul-’Iffah Misni, Norashiqin
spellingShingle	Mustapha, Tijjani Ithnin, Nur Raihana Othman, Hidayatulfathi Abu Hasan, Zatul-’Iffah Misni, Norashiqin Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis
author_facet	Mustapha, Tijjani Ithnin, Nur Raihana Othman, Hidayatulfathi Abu Hasan, Zatul-’Iffah Misni, Norashiqin
author_sort	Mustapha, Tijjani
title	Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis
title_short	Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis
title_full	Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis
title_fullStr	Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis
title_full_unstemmed	Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis
title_sort	bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (cafpe) and role of plant extract in the synthesis
publisher	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publishDate	2023
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106886/ https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/8/1648
_version_	1814054615505698816
score	13.211869

Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Citrus aurantifolia fruit peel extract (CAFPE) and role of plant extract in the synthesis

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