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Water quality assessment and decolourisation of contaminated ex-mining lake water using Bioreactor Dye-eating Fungus (BioDeF) system: a real case study

The environmental conditions of a lake are influenced by its type and various environmental forces such as water temperature, nutrients content, and longitude and latitude to which it is exposed. Due to population growth and development limits, former mining lakes are being converted to more lucrati...

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Main Authors: Mohd Hanafiah, Zarimah, Azmi, Ammar Radzi, Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad, Olivito, Fabrizio, Golemme, Giovanni, Ilham, Zul, Jamaludin, Adi Ainurzaman, Razali, Nadzmin, Halim-Lim, Sarina Abdul, Wan Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini
Format: Article
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2024
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106286/
https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/60
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1062862024-05-14T13:04:12Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106286/ Water quality assessment and decolourisation of contaminated ex-mining lake water using Bioreactor Dye-eating Fungus (BioDeF) system: a real case study Mohd Hanafiah, Zarimah Azmi, Ammar Radzi Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Olivito, Fabrizio Golemme, Giovanni Ilham, Zul Jamaludin, Adi Ainurzaman Razali, Nadzmin Halim-Lim, Sarina Abdul Wan Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini The environmental conditions of a lake are influenced by its type and various environmental forces such as water temperature, nutrients content, and longitude and latitude to which it is exposed. Due to population growth and development limits, former mining lakes are being converted to more lucrative land uses like those of recreational zones, agriculture, and livestock. The fungus Ganoderma lucidum has the potential to be utilised as a substitute or to perform synergistic bacteria-coupled functions in efficient contaminated lake water treatment. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the water quality and water quality index (WQI) of an ex-mining lake named Main Lake in the Paya Indah Wetland, Selangor. Furthermore, the current work simulates the use of a Malaysian fungus in decolourising the contaminated ex-mining lake by the BioDeF system in a 300 mL jar inoculated with 10% (v/v) of pre-grown Ganoderma lucidum pellets for 48 h. According to the results, the lake water is low in pH (5.49 ± 0.1 on average), of a highly intense dark brownish colour (average reading of 874.67 ± 3.7 TCU), and high in iron (Fe) content (3.2422 ± 0.2533 mg/L). The water quality index of the lake was between 54.59 and 57.44, with an average value of 56.45; thus, the water was categorized as Class III, i.e., under-polluted water, according to the Malaysian Department of Environment Water Quality Index (DOE-WQI, DOE 2020). The batch bioreactor BioDeF system significantly reduced more than 90% of the water’s colour. The utilization of Ganoderma lucidum as an adsorbent material offers a variety of advantages, as it is easily available and cultivated, and it is not toxic. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2024 Article PeerReviewed Mohd Hanafiah, Zarimah and Azmi, Ammar Radzi and Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad and Olivito, Fabrizio and Golemme, Giovanni and Ilham, Zul and Jamaludin, Adi Ainurzaman and Razali, Nadzmin and Halim-Lim, Sarina Abdul and Wan Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini (2024) Water quality assessment and decolourisation of contaminated ex-mining lake water using Bioreactor Dye-eating Fungus (BioDeF) system: a real case study. Toxics, 12 (1). pp. 1-17. ISSN 2305-6304 https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/60 10.3390/toxics12010060
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description The environmental conditions of a lake are influenced by its type and various environmental forces such as water temperature, nutrients content, and longitude and latitude to which it is exposed. Due to population growth and development limits, former mining lakes are being converted to more lucrative land uses like those of recreational zones, agriculture, and livestock. The fungus Ganoderma lucidum has the potential to be utilised as a substitute or to perform synergistic bacteria-coupled functions in efficient contaminated lake water treatment. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the water quality and water quality index (WQI) of an ex-mining lake named Main Lake in the Paya Indah Wetland, Selangor. Furthermore, the current work simulates the use of a Malaysian fungus in decolourising the contaminated ex-mining lake by the BioDeF system in a 300 mL jar inoculated with 10% (v/v) of pre-grown Ganoderma lucidum pellets for 48 h. According to the results, the lake water is low in pH (5.49 ± 0.1 on average), of a highly intense dark brownish colour (average reading of 874.67 ± 3.7 TCU), and high in iron (Fe) content (3.2422 ± 0.2533 mg/L). The water quality index of the lake was between 54.59 and 57.44, with an average value of 56.45; thus, the water was categorized as Class III, i.e., under-polluted water, according to the Malaysian Department of Environment Water Quality Index (DOE-WQI, DOE 2020). The batch bioreactor BioDeF system significantly reduced more than 90% of the water’s colour. The utilization of Ganoderma lucidum as an adsorbent material offers a variety of advantages, as it is easily available and cultivated, and it is not toxic.
format Article
author Mohd Hanafiah, Zarimah
Azmi, Ammar Radzi
Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad
Olivito, Fabrizio
Golemme, Giovanni
Ilham, Zul
Jamaludin, Adi Ainurzaman
Razali, Nadzmin
Halim-Lim, Sarina Abdul
Wan Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini
spellingShingle Mohd Hanafiah, Zarimah
Azmi, Ammar Radzi
Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad
Olivito, Fabrizio
Golemme, Giovanni
Ilham, Zul
Jamaludin, Adi Ainurzaman
Razali, Nadzmin
Halim-Lim, Sarina Abdul
Wan Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini
Water quality assessment and decolourisation of contaminated ex-mining lake water using Bioreactor Dye-eating Fungus (BioDeF) system: a real case study
author_facet Mohd Hanafiah, Zarimah
Azmi, Ammar Radzi
Wan-Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad
Olivito, Fabrizio
Golemme, Giovanni
Ilham, Zul
Jamaludin, Adi Ainurzaman
Razali, Nadzmin
Halim-Lim, Sarina Abdul
Wan Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini
author_sort Mohd Hanafiah, Zarimah
title Water quality assessment and decolourisation of contaminated ex-mining lake water using Bioreactor Dye-eating Fungus (BioDeF) system: a real case study
title_short Water quality assessment and decolourisation of contaminated ex-mining lake water using Bioreactor Dye-eating Fungus (BioDeF) system: a real case study
title_full Water quality assessment and decolourisation of contaminated ex-mining lake water using Bioreactor Dye-eating Fungus (BioDeF) system: a real case study
title_fullStr Water quality assessment and decolourisation of contaminated ex-mining lake water using Bioreactor Dye-eating Fungus (BioDeF) system: a real case study
title_full_unstemmed Water quality assessment and decolourisation of contaminated ex-mining lake water using Bioreactor Dye-eating Fungus (BioDeF) system: a real case study
title_sort water quality assessment and decolourisation of contaminated ex-mining lake water using bioreactor dye-eating fungus (biodef) system: a real case study
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publishDate 2024
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106286/
https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/60
_version_ 1800093811505889280
score 13.211869

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