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Impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of Nyalau series soil and its leachate

Greenhouse gases can cause acid rain, which in turn degrades soil chemical properties. This research was conducted to determine the effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the chemical properties of Nyalau series (Typic paleudults). A 45-day laboratory leaching and incubation study (control conditio...

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Main Authors: Ibrahim, Mohamad Hilmi, Kasim, Susilawati, Ahmed, Osumanu Haruna, Mohd. Rakib, Mohd. Rashid, Hasbullah, Nur Aainaa, Islam Shajib, Md. Tariqul
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Research 2024
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106101/1/s41598-024-52758-1.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106101/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-52758-1#citeas
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1061012024-10-03T04:51:07Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106101/ Impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of Nyalau series soil and its leachate Ibrahim, Mohamad Hilmi Kasim, Susilawati Ahmed, Osumanu Haruna Mohd. Rakib, Mohd. Rashid Hasbullah, Nur Aainaa Islam Shajib, Md. Tariqul Greenhouse gases can cause acid rain, which in turn degrades soil chemical properties. This research was conducted to determine the effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the chemical properties of Nyalau series (Typic paleudults). A 45-day laboratory leaching and incubation study (control conditions) was conducted following standard procedures include preparing simulated acid rain with specific pH levels, followed by experimental design/plan and systematically analyzing both soil and leachate for chemical changes over the 45-day period. Six treatments five of which were SAR (pH 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5) and one control referred to as natural rainwater (pH 6.0) were evaluated. From the study, the SAR had significant effects on the chemical properties of the soil and its leachate. The pH of 3.5 of SAR treatments decreased soil pH, K+, and fertility index. In contrast, the contents of Mg2+, Na+, SO42−, NO3−, and acidity were higher at the lower SAR pH. Furthermore, K+ and Mg2+ in the leachate significantly increased with increasing acidity of the SAR. The changes in Ca2+ and NH4+ between the soil and its leachate were positively correlated (r = 0.84 and 0.86), whereas the changes in NO3− negatively correlated (r = − 0.82). The novelty of these results lies in the discovery of significant alterations in soil chemistry due to simulated acid rain (SAR), particularly impacting soil fertility and nutrient availability, with notable positive and negative correlations among specific ions where prolonged exposure to acid rain could negatively affect the moderately tolerant to acidic and nutrient-poor soils. Acid rain can negatively affect soil fertility and the general soils ecosystem functions. Long-term field studies are required to consolidate the findings of this present study in order to reveal the sustained impact of SAR on tropical forest ecosystems, particularly concerning soil health, plant tolerance, and potential shifts in biodiversity and ecological balance. Nature Research 2024-02-12 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106101/1/s41598-024-52758-1.pdf Ibrahim, Mohamad Hilmi and Kasim, Susilawati and Ahmed, Osumanu Haruna and Mohd. Rakib, Mohd. Rashid and Hasbullah, Nur Aainaa and Islam Shajib, Md. Tariqul (2024) Impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of Nyalau series soil and its leachate. Scientific Reports, 14 (1). art. no. 3534. pp. 1-11. ISSN 2045-2322 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-52758-1#citeas 10.1038/s41598-024-52758-1
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Greenhouse gases can cause acid rain, which in turn degrades soil chemical properties. This research was conducted to determine the effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the chemical properties of Nyalau series (Typic paleudults). A 45-day laboratory leaching and incubation study (control conditions) was conducted following standard procedures include preparing simulated acid rain with specific pH levels, followed by experimental design/plan and systematically analyzing both soil and leachate for chemical changes over the 45-day period. Six treatments five of which were SAR (pH 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5) and one control referred to as natural rainwater (pH 6.0) were evaluated. From the study, the SAR had significant effects on the chemical properties of the soil and its leachate. The pH of 3.5 of SAR treatments decreased soil pH, K+, and fertility index. In contrast, the contents of Mg2+, Na+, SO42−, NO3−, and acidity were higher at the lower SAR pH. Furthermore, K+ and Mg2+ in the leachate significantly increased with increasing acidity of the SAR. The changes in Ca2+ and NH4+ between the soil and its leachate were positively correlated (r = 0.84 and 0.86), whereas the changes in NO3− negatively correlated (r = − 0.82). The novelty of these results lies in the discovery of significant alterations in soil chemistry due to simulated acid rain (SAR), particularly impacting soil fertility and nutrient availability, with notable positive and negative correlations among specific ions where prolonged exposure to acid rain could negatively affect the moderately tolerant to acidic and nutrient-poor soils. Acid rain can negatively affect soil fertility and the general soils ecosystem functions. Long-term field studies are required to consolidate the findings of this present study in order to reveal the sustained impact of SAR on tropical forest ecosystems, particularly concerning soil health, plant tolerance, and potential shifts in biodiversity and ecological balance.
format Article
author Ibrahim, Mohamad Hilmi
Kasim, Susilawati
Ahmed, Osumanu Haruna
Mohd. Rakib, Mohd. Rashid
Hasbullah, Nur Aainaa
Islam Shajib, Md. Tariqul
spellingShingle Ibrahim, Mohamad Hilmi
Kasim, Susilawati
Ahmed, Osumanu Haruna
Mohd. Rakib, Mohd. Rashid
Hasbullah, Nur Aainaa
Islam Shajib, Md. Tariqul
Impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of Nyalau series soil and its leachate
author_facet Ibrahim, Mohamad Hilmi
Kasim, Susilawati
Ahmed, Osumanu Haruna
Mohd. Rakib, Mohd. Rashid
Hasbullah, Nur Aainaa
Islam Shajib, Md. Tariqul
author_sort Ibrahim, Mohamad Hilmi
title Impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of Nyalau series soil and its leachate
title_short Impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of Nyalau series soil and its leachate
title_full Impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of Nyalau series soil and its leachate
title_fullStr Impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of Nyalau series soil and its leachate
title_full_unstemmed Impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of Nyalau series soil and its leachate
title_sort impact of simulated acid rain on chemical properties of nyalau series soil and its leachate
publisher Nature Research
publishDate 2024
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106101/1/s41598-024-52758-1.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/106101/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-52758-1#citeas
_version_ 1814054596181491712
score 13.211869

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