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Response surface methodology approach for optimization of growth and nutrient composition of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar by liquid bio-fertilizer application

Feedstuff is an important input to sustain a livestock production. In Malaysia, animal feed for ruminant livestock, especially forages, are often inadequate in term of nutrients value. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) has been viewed as a potential alternative crop in the Malaysian agriculture in r...

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Main Author: Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Salman
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2020
Subjects:
Kenaf industry
Biofertilizers
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104503/1/MUHAMMAD%20SALMAN%20-%20IR.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104503/
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1045032023-09-07T07:48:54Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104503/ Response surface methodology approach for optimization of growth and nutrient composition of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar by liquid bio-fertilizer application Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Salman Feedstuff is an important input to sustain a livestock production. In Malaysia, animal feed for ruminant livestock, especially forages, are often inadequate in term of nutrients value. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) has been viewed as a potential alternative crop in the Malaysian agriculture in recent years for animal feeds. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant maturity, planted density and soil fertility on morphological growth and nutrient composition of kenaf and to determine their optimum values by using RSM (Response Surface Methodology). In order to determine the optimum plant maturity denoted as (X1), plant density, (X2), and bio-fertilizer application rate, (X3), a field experiment was carried out based on Central Composite Design (CCD) that fit a second order polynomial by a least squares technique and developed an equation that was used to describe how these variables effect the responses. The interrelationship among the variables were also determined. Three levels for each factor, X1 (28 days, 42 days and 56 days), X2 (100,000 plants/ha, 300,000 plants/ha and 500,000 plants/ha) and X3 (30 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha and 90 kg N/ha) were selected to investigate the influence and interaction between these factors. The results showed that plant maturity had a significant (P<0.01) effect on kenaf plant height, yield, ash, OM, CP and ADL. For plant density, there was a significant (P<0.05) effect on kenaf plant height with no significant effect on other dependent variables. Whereas, fertilizer rate had significant (P<0.05) effect on kenaf plant height, yield and CP with no significant effect on other dependent variables. When optimization model and equations were developed by RSM based on obtained results (plant maturity = 28 days, plant density = 430,000 plants/ha and bio- fertilizer rate = 90 kg N/ha), another field experiment was conducted to validate the model. The validation experiment is vital to demonstrate evidences that a procedure, model and equations carried out in RSM are true within the system. The optimum plant density, plant maturity and bio-fertilizer rate were applied to the growing kenaf during validation experiment to get its optimum morphological growth and nutrient composition values, which is suitable for ruminant livestock feeds. The effect of 28 days of plant maturity, 430,000 plants/ha of plant density and 90 kg N/ha of bio-fertilizer rate in validation experiment does positively affect the morphological growth (height and number of leaves; except for kenaf yield) and nutrient composition of kenaf (DM and CP; except ash, OM, ADF, NDF and ADL) in actual values when comparing them to predicted values. The results indicate that both bio-fertilizer rate and plant density positively affect kenaf plant growth in term of height, but the plants were more influenced by liquid bio-fertilizer rate even though the plant is still considered young to give any major morphological effect. These values are suitable and more likely to be used for ruminant livestock feed. 2020-06 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104503/1/MUHAMMAD%20SALMAN%20-%20IR.pdf Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Salman (2020) Response surface methodology approach for optimization of growth and nutrient composition of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar by liquid bio-fertilizer application. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Kenaf industry Biofertilizers
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
topic Kenaf industry
Biofertilizers
spellingShingle Kenaf industry
Biofertilizers
Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Salman
Response surface methodology approach for optimization of growth and nutrient composition of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar by liquid bio-fertilizer application
description Feedstuff is an important input to sustain a livestock production. In Malaysia, animal feed for ruminant livestock, especially forages, are often inadequate in term of nutrients value. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) has been viewed as a potential alternative crop in the Malaysian agriculture in recent years for animal feeds. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant maturity, planted density and soil fertility on morphological growth and nutrient composition of kenaf and to determine their optimum values by using RSM (Response Surface Methodology). In order to determine the optimum plant maturity denoted as (X1), plant density, (X2), and bio-fertilizer application rate, (X3), a field experiment was carried out based on Central Composite Design (CCD) that fit a second order polynomial by a least squares technique and developed an equation that was used to describe how these variables effect the responses. The interrelationship among the variables were also determined. Three levels for each factor, X1 (28 days, 42 days and 56 days), X2 (100,000 plants/ha, 300,000 plants/ha and 500,000 plants/ha) and X3 (30 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha and 90 kg N/ha) were selected to investigate the influence and interaction between these factors. The results showed that plant maturity had a significant (P<0.01) effect on kenaf plant height, yield, ash, OM, CP and ADL. For plant density, there was a significant (P<0.05) effect on kenaf plant height with no significant effect on other dependent variables. Whereas, fertilizer rate had significant (P<0.05) effect on kenaf plant height, yield and CP with no significant effect on other dependent variables. When optimization model and equations were developed by RSM based on obtained results (plant maturity = 28 days, plant density = 430,000 plants/ha and bio- fertilizer rate = 90 kg N/ha), another field experiment was conducted to validate the model. The validation experiment is vital to demonstrate evidences that a procedure, model and equations carried out in RSM are true within the system. The optimum plant density, plant maturity and bio-fertilizer rate were applied to the growing kenaf during validation experiment to get its optimum morphological growth and nutrient composition values, which is suitable for ruminant livestock feeds. The effect of 28 days of plant maturity, 430,000 plants/ha of plant density and 90 kg N/ha of bio-fertilizer rate in validation experiment does positively affect the morphological growth (height and number of leaves; except for kenaf yield) and nutrient composition of kenaf (DM and CP; except ash, OM, ADF, NDF and ADL) in actual values when comparing them to predicted values. The results indicate that both bio-fertilizer rate and plant density positively affect kenaf plant growth in term of height, but the plants were more influenced by liquid bio-fertilizer rate even though the plant is still considered young to give any major morphological effect. These values are suitable and more likely to be used for ruminant livestock feed.
format Thesis
author Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Salman
author_facet Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Salman
author_sort Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Salman
title Response surface methodology approach for optimization of growth and nutrient composition of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar by liquid bio-fertilizer application
title_short Response surface methodology approach for optimization of growth and nutrient composition of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar by liquid bio-fertilizer application
title_full Response surface methodology approach for optimization of growth and nutrient composition of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar by liquid bio-fertilizer application
title_fullStr Response surface methodology approach for optimization of growth and nutrient composition of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar by liquid bio-fertilizer application
title_full_unstemmed Response surface methodology approach for optimization of growth and nutrient composition of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar by liquid bio-fertilizer application
title_sort response surface methodology approach for optimization of growth and nutrient composition of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus l.) cultivar by liquid bio-fertilizer application
publishDate 2020
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104503/1/MUHAMMAD%20SALMAN%20-%20IR.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/104503/
_version_ 1778163761779048448
score 13.211869

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