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Thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid Cyrtostachys Renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced MWCNT-modified phenolic composites

Natural fibers have emerged as a potential alternate to synthetic fibers, because of their excellent performance, biodegradability, renewability and sustainability. This research has focused on investigating the thermal, visco-elastic and fire-retardant properties of different hybrid Cytostachys Ren...

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Main Authors: Loganathan, Tamil Moli, Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed, Ahsan, Qumrul, Jawaid, Mohammad, Naveen, Jesuarockiam, Md Shah, Ain Umaira, Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim, Basri, Adi Azriff
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Published: Springer 2022
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103707/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10973-022-11557-4
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1037072023-04-27T07:42:41Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103707/ Thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid Cyrtostachys Renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced MWCNT-modified phenolic composites Loganathan, Tamil Moli Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Ahsan, Qumrul Jawaid, Mohammad Naveen, Jesuarockiam Md Shah, Ain Umaira Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim Basri, Adi Azriff Natural fibers have emerged as a potential alternate to synthetic fibers, because of their excellent performance, biodegradability, renewability and sustainability. This research has focused on investigating the thermal, visco-elastic and fire-retardant properties of different hybrid Cytostachys Renda (CR)/kenaf fiber (K) (50/0; 35/ 15, 25/25, 15/ 35, 0/50)-reinforced MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotubes)-modified phenolic composites. The mass% of MWCNT-modified phenolic resin was maintained 50 mass% including 0.5 mass% of MWCNT. In order to achieve homogeneous dispersion ball milling process was employed to incorporate the MWCNT into phenolic resin (powder). Thermal results from thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis revealed that the hybrid composites (35/15; 35 mass% CR and 15 mass% K) showed higher thermal stability among the composite samples. Visco-elastic results revealed that kenaf fiber-based MWCNT-modified composites (0/50; 0 mass% CR and 50 mass% K) exhibited higher storage and loss modulus due to high modulus kenaf fiber. Fire-retardant analysis (UL-94) showed that all the composite samples met H-B self-extinguishing rating and exhibited slow burning rate according to limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. However, (15/35; 15 mass% CR and 35 mass% K) hybrid composites showed the highest time to ignition, highest fire performance index, lowest total heat release rate, average mass loss rate, average fire growth rate index and maximum average rate of heat emission. Moreover, the smoke density of all hybrid composites was found to be less than 200 which meets the federal aviation regulations (FAR) 25.853d standard. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was carried out to select an optimal composite sample considering the thermal, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behaviors. Through TOPSIS analysis, the hybrid (15/35; 15 mass% CR and 35 mass% K) composite sample has been selected as an optimal composite which can be used for high-temperature aircraft and automotive applications. Springer 2022 Article PeerReviewed Loganathan, Tamil Moli and Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed and Ahsan, Qumrul and Jawaid, Mohammad and Naveen, Jesuarockiam and Md Shah, Ain Umaira and Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim and Basri, Adi Azriff (2022) Thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid Cyrtostachys Renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced MWCNT-modified phenolic composites. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 147. pp. 14079-14096. ISSN 1388-6150; ESSN:1588-2926 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10973-022-11557-4 10.1007/s10973-022-11557-4
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description Natural fibers have emerged as a potential alternate to synthetic fibers, because of their excellent performance, biodegradability, renewability and sustainability. This research has focused on investigating the thermal, visco-elastic and fire-retardant properties of different hybrid Cytostachys Renda (CR)/kenaf fiber (K) (50/0; 35/ 15, 25/25, 15/ 35, 0/50)-reinforced MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotubes)-modified phenolic composites. The mass% of MWCNT-modified phenolic resin was maintained 50 mass% including 0.5 mass% of MWCNT. In order to achieve homogeneous dispersion ball milling process was employed to incorporate the MWCNT into phenolic resin (powder). Thermal results from thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis revealed that the hybrid composites (35/15; 35 mass% CR and 15 mass% K) showed higher thermal stability among the composite samples. Visco-elastic results revealed that kenaf fiber-based MWCNT-modified composites (0/50; 0 mass% CR and 50 mass% K) exhibited higher storage and loss modulus due to high modulus kenaf fiber. Fire-retardant analysis (UL-94) showed that all the composite samples met H-B self-extinguishing rating and exhibited slow burning rate according to limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. However, (15/35; 15 mass% CR and 35 mass% K) hybrid composites showed the highest time to ignition, highest fire performance index, lowest total heat release rate, average mass loss rate, average fire growth rate index and maximum average rate of heat emission. Moreover, the smoke density of all hybrid composites was found to be less than 200 which meets the federal aviation regulations (FAR) 25.853d standard. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was carried out to select an optimal composite sample considering the thermal, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behaviors. Through TOPSIS analysis, the hybrid (15/35; 15 mass% CR and 35 mass% K) composite sample has been selected as an optimal composite which can be used for high-temperature aircraft and automotive applications.
format Article
author Loganathan, Tamil Moli
Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed
Ahsan, Qumrul
Jawaid, Mohammad
Naveen, Jesuarockiam
Md Shah, Ain Umaira
Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim
Basri, Adi Azriff
spellingShingle Loganathan, Tamil Moli
Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed
Ahsan, Qumrul
Jawaid, Mohammad
Naveen, Jesuarockiam
Md Shah, Ain Umaira
Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim
Basri, Adi Azriff
Thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid Cyrtostachys Renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced MWCNT-modified phenolic composites
author_facet Loganathan, Tamil Moli
Sultan, Mohamed Thariq Hameed
Ahsan, Qumrul
Jawaid, Mohammad
Naveen, Jesuarockiam
Md Shah, Ain Umaira
Abu Talib, Abd. Rahim
Basri, Adi Azriff
author_sort Loganathan, Tamil Moli
title Thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid Cyrtostachys Renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced MWCNT-modified phenolic composites
title_short Thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid Cyrtostachys Renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced MWCNT-modified phenolic composites
title_full Thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid Cyrtostachys Renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced MWCNT-modified phenolic composites
title_fullStr Thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid Cyrtostachys Renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced MWCNT-modified phenolic composites
title_full_unstemmed Thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid Cyrtostachys Renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced MWCNT-modified phenolic composites
title_sort thermal degradation, visco-elastic and fire-retardant behavior of hybrid cyrtostachys renda/kenaf fiber-reinforced mwcnt-modified phenolic composites
publisher Springer
publishDate 2022
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103707/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10973-022-11557-4
_version_ 1765298670010368000
score 13.211869

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