Staff View: The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care

The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care

Background: This study investigated the reliability and convergent validity of the PFFS-Malay version (PFFS-M) among patients (with varying educational levels), caregivers, and health care professionals (HCPs). PFFS-M cutoffs for frailty severity were developed. Methods: This is a cross-sectional st...

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Main Authors:	Ahip, Sally Suriani, Ghazali, Sazlina Shariff, Theou, Olga, Samad, Azah A., Lukas, Sabrina, Mustapha, Ummu Kalsum, Thompson, Mark Q., Visvanathan, Renuka
Format:	Article
Published:	Oxford University Press 2022
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103665/ https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article/40/2/290/6660931
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spelling	my.upm.eprints.1036652023-05-03T03:30:27Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103665/ The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care Ahip, Sally Suriani Ghazali, Sazlina Shariff Theou, Olga Samad, Azah A. Lukas, Sabrina Mustapha, Ummu Kalsum Thompson, Mark Q. Visvanathan, Renuka Background: This study investigated the reliability and convergent validity of the PFFS-Malay version (PFFS-M) among patients (with varying educational levels), caregivers, and health care professionals (HCPs). PFFS-M cutoffs for frailty severity were developed. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study from 4 primary care clinics where 240 patients aged >60 years and their caregivers were enrolled. Patients were assigned to a nurse or a health care assistant (HCA) for 2 separate PFFS-M assessments administered by HCPs of the same profession, as well as by a doctor during the first visit (inter-rater reliability). Patients were also administered the Self-Assessed Report of Personal Capacity & Healthy Ageing (SEARCH) tool, a 40-item frailty index, by a research officer. The correlation between patients' PFFS-M scores and SEARCH tool scores determined convergent validity. Patients returned 1 week later for PFFS-M reassessment by the same HCPs (test-retest reliability). Caregivers completed the PFFS-M for the patient at both clinic visits. Classification cut-points for the PFFS-M were derived against frailty categories defined through the SEARCH tool. Results: The inter-rater (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.92 [95% CI, 0.90-0.93)] and test-retest (ICC = 0.94 [95% CI, 0.92-0.95]) reliability between all raters was excellent, including by patients' education levels. The convergent validity was moderate (r = 0.637, p < 0.001), including for varying educational background. PFFS-M categories were identified as: 0-3, no frailty; 4-5, at risk of frailty; 6-8, mild frailty; 9-12, moderate frailty; and >13, severe frailty. Conclusion: PFFS-M is a reliable and valid tool with frailty severity scores now established for use of this tool in primary care clinics. Oxford University Press 2022 Article PeerReviewed Ahip, Sally Suriani and Ghazali, Sazlina Shariff and Theou, Olga and Samad, Azah A. and Lukas, Sabrina and Mustapha, Ummu Kalsum and Thompson, Mark Q. and Visvanathan, Renuka (2022) The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care. Family Practice, 40 (2). pp. 290-299. ISSN 0263-2136; ESSN: 1460-2229 https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article/40/2/290/6660931 10.1093/fampra/cmac089
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description	Background: This study investigated the reliability and convergent validity of the PFFS-Malay version (PFFS-M) among patients (with varying educational levels), caregivers, and health care professionals (HCPs). PFFS-M cutoffs for frailty severity were developed. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study from 4 primary care clinics where 240 patients aged >60 years and their caregivers were enrolled. Patients were assigned to a nurse or a health care assistant (HCA) for 2 separate PFFS-M assessments administered by HCPs of the same profession, as well as by a doctor during the first visit (inter-rater reliability). Patients were also administered the Self-Assessed Report of Personal Capacity & Healthy Ageing (SEARCH) tool, a 40-item frailty index, by a research officer. The correlation between patients' PFFS-M scores and SEARCH tool scores determined convergent validity. Patients returned 1 week later for PFFS-M reassessment by the same HCPs (test-retest reliability). Caregivers completed the PFFS-M for the patient at both clinic visits. Classification cut-points for the PFFS-M were derived against frailty categories defined through the SEARCH tool. Results: The inter-rater (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.92 [95% CI, 0.90-0.93)] and test-retest (ICC = 0.94 [95% CI, 0.92-0.95]) reliability between all raters was excellent, including by patients' education levels. The convergent validity was moderate (r = 0.637, p < 0.001), including for varying educational background. PFFS-M categories were identified as: 0-3, no frailty; 4-5, at risk of frailty; 6-8, mild frailty; 9-12, moderate frailty; and >13, severe frailty. Conclusion: PFFS-M is a reliable and valid tool with frailty severity scores now established for use of this tool in primary care clinics.
format	Article
author	Ahip, Sally Suriani Ghazali, Sazlina Shariff Theou, Olga Samad, Azah A. Lukas, Sabrina Mustapha, Ummu Kalsum Thompson, Mark Q. Visvanathan, Renuka
spellingShingle	Ahip, Sally Suriani Ghazali, Sazlina Shariff Theou, Olga Samad, Azah A. Lukas, Sabrina Mustapha, Ummu Kalsum Thompson, Mark Q. Visvanathan, Renuka The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care
author_facet	Ahip, Sally Suriani Ghazali, Sazlina Shariff Theou, Olga Samad, Azah A. Lukas, Sabrina Mustapha, Ummu Kalsum Thompson, Mark Q. Visvanathan, Renuka
author_sort	Ahip, Sally Suriani
title	The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care
title_short	The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care
title_full	The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care
title_fullStr	The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care
title_full_unstemmed	The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care
title_sort	pictorial fit-frail scale-malay version (pffs-m): reliability and validity testing in malaysian primary care
publisher	Oxford University Press
publishDate	2022
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/103665/ https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article/40/2/290/6660931
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score	13.211869

The pictorial Fit-Frail Scale-Malay version (PFFS-M): reliability and validity testing in Malaysian primary care

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