Staff View: Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin

Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin

Sun protection agents from natural materials have a lower risk of side effects. This study evaluated the effect of lignosulfonate addition to increase the quality and SPF value of tengkawang butter. The sunscreen formulation is made with a mixture of tengkawang butter as the primary ingredient of su...

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Main Authors:	Darmawan, Muhammad Arif, Ramadhani, Nurul Hikmah, Hubeis, Nadhira Alifa, Ramadhan, Muhammad Yusuf Arya, Sahlan, Muhammad, Abd Aziz, Suraini, Gozan, Misri
Format:	Article
Published:	Elsevier 2022
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102290/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669021012310
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id	my.upm.eprints.102290
record_format	eprints
spelling	my.upm.eprints.1022902023-07-10T00:44:36Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102290/ Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin Darmawan, Muhammad Arif Ramadhani, Nurul Hikmah Hubeis, Nadhira Alifa Ramadhan, Muhammad Yusuf Arya Sahlan, Muhammad Abd Aziz, Suraini Gozan, Misri Sun protection agents from natural materials have a lower risk of side effects. This study evaluated the effect of lignosulfonate addition to increase the quality and SPF value of tengkawang butter. The sunscreen formulation is made with a mixture of tengkawang butter as the primary ingredient of sunscreen and lignosulfonate as a natural activating agent. Variations in lignosulfonate types (Ca-Lignosulfonate, Mg-Lignosulfonate, and Na-Lignosulfonate) and concentration (1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% w/w) were used in this study. The results show the addition of Ca, Mg, and Na-lignosulfonate has reduced the acidity of tengkawang butter from 4.795 ± 0.125 mg NaOH/g sample to 3.28 ± 0.13, 3.18 ± 0.28, and 2.39 ± 0.28 mg NaOH/g sample, respectively. The peroxide number of tengkawang butter was also reduced with the addition of Ca, Mg, and Na-lignosulfonate from 3.68 ± 0.73 meq O2/kg sample to 3.59 ± 0.62, 3.62 ± 0.67 and, 3.59 ± 0.52 meq O2 /kg sample, respectively. The results showed that adding 10% (w/w) Ca-lignosulfonate, Mg-lignosulfonate and Na-lignosulfonate increased the SPF value of tengkawang butter from 4.04 ± 0.12–13.12 ± 0.26 (224%), 13.05 ± 0.11 (223%), and 16.98 ± 0.95 (320%), respectively. The increase of SPF value has a relationship with the chromophore compounds in lignin. The results of this study can be used as a cosmetic formulation with high SPF to protect the skin from ultraviolet rays. Elsevier 2022 Article PeerReviewed Darmawan, Muhammad Arif and Ramadhani, Nurul Hikmah and Hubeis, Nadhira Alifa and Ramadhan, Muhammad Yusuf Arya and Sahlan, Muhammad and Abd Aziz, Suraini and Gozan, Misri (2022) Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin. Industrial Crops and Products, 177. art. no. 114466. pp. 1-8. ISSN 0926-6690; ESSN: 1872-633X https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669021012310 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114466
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description	Sun protection agents from natural materials have a lower risk of side effects. This study evaluated the effect of lignosulfonate addition to increase the quality and SPF value of tengkawang butter. The sunscreen formulation is made with a mixture of tengkawang butter as the primary ingredient of sunscreen and lignosulfonate as a natural activating agent. Variations in lignosulfonate types (Ca-Lignosulfonate, Mg-Lignosulfonate, and Na-Lignosulfonate) and concentration (1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% w/w) were used in this study. The results show the addition of Ca, Mg, and Na-lignosulfonate has reduced the acidity of tengkawang butter from 4.795 ± 0.125 mg NaOH/g sample to 3.28 ± 0.13, 3.18 ± 0.28, and 2.39 ± 0.28 mg NaOH/g sample, respectively. The peroxide number of tengkawang butter was also reduced with the addition of Ca, Mg, and Na-lignosulfonate from 3.68 ± 0.73 meq O2/kg sample to 3.59 ± 0.62, 3.62 ± 0.67 and, 3.59 ± 0.52 meq O2 /kg sample, respectively. The results showed that adding 10% (w/w) Ca-lignosulfonate, Mg-lignosulfonate and Na-lignosulfonate increased the SPF value of tengkawang butter from 4.04 ± 0.12–13.12 ± 0.26 (224%), 13.05 ± 0.11 (223%), and 16.98 ± 0.95 (320%), respectively. The increase of SPF value has a relationship with the chromophore compounds in lignin. The results of this study can be used as a cosmetic formulation with high SPF to protect the skin from ultraviolet rays.
format	Article
author	Darmawan, Muhammad Arif Ramadhani, Nurul Hikmah Hubeis, Nadhira Alifa Ramadhan, Muhammad Yusuf Arya Sahlan, Muhammad Abd Aziz, Suraini Gozan, Misri
spellingShingle	Darmawan, Muhammad Arif Ramadhani, Nurul Hikmah Hubeis, Nadhira Alifa Ramadhan, Muhammad Yusuf Arya Sahlan, Muhammad Abd Aziz, Suraini Gozan, Misri Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin
author_facet	Darmawan, Muhammad Arif Ramadhani, Nurul Hikmah Hubeis, Nadhira Alifa Ramadhan, Muhammad Yusuf Arya Sahlan, Muhammad Abd Aziz, Suraini Gozan, Misri
author_sort	Darmawan, Muhammad Arif
title	Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin
title_short	Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin
title_full	Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin
title_fullStr	Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin
title_full_unstemmed	Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin
title_sort	natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (spf) from tengkawang butter and lignin
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/102290/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669021012310
_version_	1772813434193182720
score	13.211869

Natural sunscreen formulation with a high sun protection factor (SPF) from tengkawang butter and lignin

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