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Flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: a review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis

Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring polyphenolic secondary metabolites which have been reported to demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological properties, most importantly, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The relationship between hyperglycaemia and inflammation and vascular com...

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Main Authors: Shamsudin, Nur Farisya, Ahmed, Qamar Uddin, Syed Mahmood, Ali Shah, Syed Adnan, Sarian, Murni Nazira, Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan, Khatib, Alfi, Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni, Md Yusoff, Yusnaini, Latip, Jalifah
Format: Article
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101540/
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/20/12605
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1015402023-06-16T20:13:43Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101540/ Flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: a review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis Shamsudin, Nur Farisya Ahmed, Qamar Uddin Syed Mahmood Ali Shah, Syed Adnan Sarian, Murni Nazira Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Khatib, Alfi Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni Md Yusoff, Yusnaini Latip, Jalifah Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring polyphenolic secondary metabolites which have been reported to demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological properties, most importantly, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The relationship between hyperglycaemia and inflammation and vascular complications in diabetes is now well established. Flavonoids possessing antidiabetic properties may alleviate inflammation by reducing hyperglycaemia through different mechanisms of action. It has been suggested that the flavonoids' biochemical properties are structure-dependent; however, they are yet to be thoroughly grasped. Hence, the main aim of this review is to understand the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties of various structurally diverse flavonoids and to identify key positions responsible for the effects, their correlation, and the effect of different substitutions on both antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The general requirement of flavonoids for exerting both anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects is found to be the presence of a C2-C3 double bond (C-ring) and hydroxyl groups at the C3', C4', C5, and C7 positions of both rings A and B of a flavonoid skeleton. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that substitution at the C3 position of a C-ring decreases the anti-inflammatory action of flavonoids while enhancing their antidiabetic activity. Correlation is discussed at length to support flavonoids possessing essential pharmacophores to demonstrate equipotent effects. The consideration of these structural features may play an important role in synthesizing better flavonoid-based drugs possessing dual antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. A meta-analysis further established the role of flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022-10-20 Article PeerReviewed Shamsudin, Nur Farisya and Ahmed, Qamar Uddin and Syed Mahmood and Ali Shah, Syed Adnan and Sarian, Murni Nazira and Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan and Khatib, Alfi and Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni and Md Yusoff, Yusnaini and Latip, Jalifah (2022) Flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: a review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (20). art. no. 12605. pp. 1-35. ISSN 1661-6596; ESSN: 1422-0067 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/20/12605 10.3390/ijms232012605
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring polyphenolic secondary metabolites which have been reported to demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological properties, most importantly, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The relationship between hyperglycaemia and inflammation and vascular complications in diabetes is now well established. Flavonoids possessing antidiabetic properties may alleviate inflammation by reducing hyperglycaemia through different mechanisms of action. It has been suggested that the flavonoids' biochemical properties are structure-dependent; however, they are yet to be thoroughly grasped. Hence, the main aim of this review is to understand the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties of various structurally diverse flavonoids and to identify key positions responsible for the effects, their correlation, and the effect of different substitutions on both antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The general requirement of flavonoids for exerting both anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects is found to be the presence of a C2-C3 double bond (C-ring) and hydroxyl groups at the C3', C4', C5, and C7 positions of both rings A and B of a flavonoid skeleton. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that substitution at the C3 position of a C-ring decreases the anti-inflammatory action of flavonoids while enhancing their antidiabetic activity. Correlation is discussed at length to support flavonoids possessing essential pharmacophores to demonstrate equipotent effects. The consideration of these structural features may play an important role in synthesizing better flavonoid-based drugs possessing dual antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. A meta-analysis further established the role of flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents.
format Article
author Shamsudin, Nur Farisya
Ahmed, Qamar Uddin
Syed Mahmood
Ali Shah, Syed Adnan
Sarian, Murni Nazira
Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan
Khatib, Alfi
Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni
Md Yusoff, Yusnaini
Latip, Jalifah
spellingShingle Shamsudin, Nur Farisya
Ahmed, Qamar Uddin
Syed Mahmood
Ali Shah, Syed Adnan
Sarian, Murni Nazira
Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan
Khatib, Alfi
Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni
Md Yusoff, Yusnaini
Latip, Jalifah
Flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: a review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis
author_facet Shamsudin, Nur Farisya
Ahmed, Qamar Uddin
Syed Mahmood
Ali Shah, Syed Adnan
Sarian, Murni Nazira
Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan
Khatib, Alfi
Mohmad Sabere, Awis Sukarni
Md Yusoff, Yusnaini
Latip, Jalifah
author_sort Shamsudin, Nur Farisya
title Flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: a review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis
title_short Flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: a review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis
title_full Flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: a review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: a review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: a review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis
title_sort flavonoids as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents: a review on structural activity relationship-based studies and meta-analysis
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publishDate 2022
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101540/
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/20/12605
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score 13.211869

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