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Experimental and numerical prediction of wetting fronts size created by sub-surface bubble irrigation system

A bubble irrigation system (BIS) is a subsurface irrigation method recently introduced that may provide a better mechanism in terms of flow regulation, as it involves mainly the exchange of water and air bubbles under slight negative pressure. The negative pressure flow was created using inverted cl...

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Main Authors: Alrubaye, Yasir L., Yusuf, Badronnisa, Mohammad, Thamer A., Nahazanan, Haslinda, Mohamed Zawawi, Mohamed Azwan
Format: Article
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101371/
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/18/11492
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spelling my.upm.eprints.1013712023-06-17T23:09:44Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101371/ Experimental and numerical prediction of wetting fronts size created by sub-surface bubble irrigation system Alrubaye, Yasir L. Yusuf, Badronnisa Mohammad, Thamer A. Nahazanan, Haslinda Mohamed Zawawi, Mohamed Azwan A bubble irrigation system (BIS) is a subsurface irrigation method recently introduced that may provide a better mechanism in terms of flow regulation, as it involves mainly the exchange of water and air bubbles under slight negative pressure. The negative pressure flow was created using inverted closed plastic bottles (ICPB) that connected to an elevated closed tank. Understanding the characteristics of wetting fronts is key in designing this irrigation system. This paper mainly presents the principles of BIS, the experimental measurements and software simulation of BIS wetting patterns, and the development of statistical models for BIS wetting patterns dimensions estimation. Laboratory experiments were accomplished to measure the BIS’s sharp-wetting fronts variation with four diameters of contact areas of ICPB and two different soil types, namely SS1 and SS2. In addition, numerical simulations using a 2D HYDRUS were performed to explore the possibility of using the simulated non-sharp wetting fronts in predicting BIS wetting fronts. The experimental results and numerical simulations show that the soil properties and the area of contact have a significant impact on the bubble flow rate and the shape and size of the wetting patterns. The hydraulic conductivity and the density of soil SS2, which were 62 and 22 percent, respectively, higher than soil SS1, have resulted in average incremental ratios of wetted depth and width by 94 and 178 percent, respectively. Results also show that more than 50 percent of the growth of wetting fronts’ width and depth occurred rapidly at the early portion of irrigation time before flattening at the latter time, indicating the effectiveness of the air–water exchange in regulating the amount of water supplied and in controlling wetting fronts propagation. Furthermore, based on experimental and simulation results, regression models have been developed for estimation of bubble flow rates and the size of wetting fronts. The developed models can be reliably used to predict the bubble flow rate and size of wetting patterns with high accuracy. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022-09-14 Article PeerReviewed Alrubaye, Yasir L. and Yusuf, Badronnisa and Mohammad, Thamer A. and Nahazanan, Haslinda and Mohamed Zawawi, Mohamed Azwan (2022) Experimental and numerical prediction of wetting fronts size created by sub-surface bubble irrigation system. Sustainability, 14 (18). art. no. 11492. pp. 1-21. ISSN 2071-1050 https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/18/11492 10.3390/su141811492
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description A bubble irrigation system (BIS) is a subsurface irrigation method recently introduced that may provide a better mechanism in terms of flow regulation, as it involves mainly the exchange of water and air bubbles under slight negative pressure. The negative pressure flow was created using inverted closed plastic bottles (ICPB) that connected to an elevated closed tank. Understanding the characteristics of wetting fronts is key in designing this irrigation system. This paper mainly presents the principles of BIS, the experimental measurements and software simulation of BIS wetting patterns, and the development of statistical models for BIS wetting patterns dimensions estimation. Laboratory experiments were accomplished to measure the BIS’s sharp-wetting fronts variation with four diameters of contact areas of ICPB and two different soil types, namely SS1 and SS2. In addition, numerical simulations using a 2D HYDRUS were performed to explore the possibility of using the simulated non-sharp wetting fronts in predicting BIS wetting fronts. The experimental results and numerical simulations show that the soil properties and the area of contact have a significant impact on the bubble flow rate and the shape and size of the wetting patterns. The hydraulic conductivity and the density of soil SS2, which were 62 and 22 percent, respectively, higher than soil SS1, have resulted in average incremental ratios of wetted depth and width by 94 and 178 percent, respectively. Results also show that more than 50 percent of the growth of wetting fronts’ width and depth occurred rapidly at the early portion of irrigation time before flattening at the latter time, indicating the effectiveness of the air–water exchange in regulating the amount of water supplied and in controlling wetting fronts propagation. Furthermore, based on experimental and simulation results, regression models have been developed for estimation of bubble flow rates and the size of wetting fronts. The developed models can be reliably used to predict the bubble flow rate and size of wetting patterns with high accuracy.
format Article
author Alrubaye, Yasir L.
Yusuf, Badronnisa
Mohammad, Thamer A.
Nahazanan, Haslinda
Mohamed Zawawi, Mohamed Azwan
spellingShingle Alrubaye, Yasir L.
Yusuf, Badronnisa
Mohammad, Thamer A.
Nahazanan, Haslinda
Mohamed Zawawi, Mohamed Azwan
Experimental and numerical prediction of wetting fronts size created by sub-surface bubble irrigation system
author_facet Alrubaye, Yasir L.
Yusuf, Badronnisa
Mohammad, Thamer A.
Nahazanan, Haslinda
Mohamed Zawawi, Mohamed Azwan
author_sort Alrubaye, Yasir L.
title Experimental and numerical prediction of wetting fronts size created by sub-surface bubble irrigation system
title_short Experimental and numerical prediction of wetting fronts size created by sub-surface bubble irrigation system
title_full Experimental and numerical prediction of wetting fronts size created by sub-surface bubble irrigation system
title_fullStr Experimental and numerical prediction of wetting fronts size created by sub-surface bubble irrigation system
title_full_unstemmed Experimental and numerical prediction of wetting fronts size created by sub-surface bubble irrigation system
title_sort experimental and numerical prediction of wetting fronts size created by sub-surface bubble irrigation system
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publishDate 2022
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101371/
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/18/11492
_version_ 1769844413008183296
score 13.211869

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