Staff View: Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia

Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia

The current study assessed the ecological–health risks of potentially toxic arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in the vegetable Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments sampled from Peninsular Malaysia. The As concentrations ranged from 0.21 to 4.33, 0.18 to 1.83, and 1.32 to 20.8 mg/kg dry w...

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Main Authors:	Chee, Kong Yap, Wen, Siang Tan, Wan, Hee Cheng, Wan Mohd Syazwan, Wahid, Noor Azrizal, Krishnan, Kumar, Go, Rusea, Nulit, Rosimah, Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz, Mustafa, Muskhazli, Omar, Hishamuddin, Weiyun, Chew, Edward, Franklin Berandah, Okamura, Hideo, Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh, Al-Shami, Salman Abdo, Sharifinia, Moslem, Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad, Chen, Feng You, Bakhtiari, Alireza Riyahi, Bintal, Amin, Zakaly, Hesham M. H., Arai, Takaomi, Naji, Abolfazl, Saleem, Muhammad, Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin, Ghim, Hock Ong, Subramaniam, Geetha, Ling, Shing Wong
Format:	Article
Published:	Frontiers Media 2022
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101042/ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.939860/full
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spelling	my.upm.eprints.1010422023-06-19T06:28:27Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101042/ Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia Chee, Kong Yap Wen, Siang Tan Wan, Hee Cheng Wan Mohd Syazwan Wahid, Noor Azrizal Krishnan, Kumar Go, Rusea Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz Mustafa, Muskhazli Omar, Hishamuddin Weiyun, Chew Edward, Franklin Berandah Okamura, Hideo Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Al-Shami, Salman Abdo Sharifinia, Moslem Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad Chen, Feng You Bakhtiari, Alireza Riyahi Bintal, Amin Zakaly, Hesham M. H. Arai, Takaomi Naji, Abolfazl Saleem, Muhammad Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin Ghim, Hock Ong Subramaniam, Geetha Ling, Shing Wong The current study assessed the ecological–health risks of potentially toxic arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in the vegetable Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments sampled from Peninsular Malaysia. The As concentrations ranged from 0.21 to 4.33, 0.18 to 1.83, and 1.32 to 20.8 mg/kg dry weight, for the leaves, stems, and roots of the vegetable, respectively. The ranges of Sb concentrations were 0.31–0.62, 0.12–0.35, and 0.64–1.61 mg/kg dry weight, for leaves, stems, and roots of the vegetable, respectively. The children’s target hazard quotient (THQ) values indicated no non-carcinogenic risks of As and Sb in both leaves and stems, although children’s THQ values were higher than those in adults. The calculated values of estimated weekly intake were lower than established provisional tolerable weekly intake of As and Sb for both children and adult consumers. The carcinogenic risk (CR) values of As for children’s intake of leaves and stems of vegetables showed more public concern than those of adults. The levels of Sb and As in the topsoils were generally higher (although not significantly) than those in the mangrove sediments, resulting in a higher geoaccumulation index, contamination factor and ecological risk, hazard index, THQ, and CR values. This indicated that the anthropogenic sources of Sb and As originated from the land-based activities before reaching the mangrove near the coast. The CR of As signifies a dire need for comprehensive ecological–health risks exposure studies, as dietary intake involves more than just vegetable consumption. Therefore, risk management for As and Sb in Malaysia is highly recommended. The present findings of the ecological–health risks of As and Sb based on 2010–2012 samples can be used as an important baseline for future reference and comparison. Frontiers Media 2022-08-08 Article PeerReviewed Chee, Kong Yap and Wen, Siang Tan and Wan, Hee Cheng and Wan Mohd Syazwan and Wahid, Noor Azrizal and Krishnan, Kumar and Go, Rusea and Nulit, Rosimah and Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz and Mustafa, Muskhazli and Omar, Hishamuddin and Weiyun, Chew and Edward, Franklin Berandah and Okamura, Hideo and Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh and Al-Shami, Salman Abdo and Sharifinia, Moslem and Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad and Chen, Feng You and Bakhtiari, Alireza Riyahi and Bintal, Amin and Zakaly, Hesham M. H. and Arai, Takaomi and Naji, Abolfazl and Saleem, Muhammad and Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin and Ghim, Hock Ong and Subramaniam, Geetha and Ling, Shing Wong (2022) Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10. art. no. 939860. pp. 1-23. ISSN 2296-665X https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.939860/full 10.3389/fenvs.2022.939860
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description	The current study assessed the ecological–health risks of potentially toxic arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in the vegetable Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments sampled from Peninsular Malaysia. The As concentrations ranged from 0.21 to 4.33, 0.18 to 1.83, and 1.32 to 20.8 mg/kg dry weight, for the leaves, stems, and roots of the vegetable, respectively. The ranges of Sb concentrations were 0.31–0.62, 0.12–0.35, and 0.64–1.61 mg/kg dry weight, for leaves, stems, and roots of the vegetable, respectively. The children’s target hazard quotient (THQ) values indicated no non-carcinogenic risks of As and Sb in both leaves and stems, although children’s THQ values were higher than those in adults. The calculated values of estimated weekly intake were lower than established provisional tolerable weekly intake of As and Sb for both children and adult consumers. The carcinogenic risk (CR) values of As for children’s intake of leaves and stems of vegetables showed more public concern than those of adults. The levels of Sb and As in the topsoils were generally higher (although not significantly) than those in the mangrove sediments, resulting in a higher geoaccumulation index, contamination factor and ecological risk, hazard index, THQ, and CR values. This indicated that the anthropogenic sources of Sb and As originated from the land-based activities before reaching the mangrove near the coast. The CR of As signifies a dire need for comprehensive ecological–health risks exposure studies, as dietary intake involves more than just vegetable consumption. Therefore, risk management for As and Sb in Malaysia is highly recommended. The present findings of the ecological–health risks of As and Sb based on 2010–2012 samples can be used as an important baseline for future reference and comparison.
format	Article
author	Chee, Kong Yap Wen, Siang Tan Wan, Hee Cheng Wan Mohd Syazwan Wahid, Noor Azrizal Krishnan, Kumar Go, Rusea Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz Mustafa, Muskhazli Omar, Hishamuddin Weiyun, Chew Edward, Franklin Berandah Okamura, Hideo Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Al-Shami, Salman Abdo Sharifinia, Moslem Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad Chen, Feng You Bakhtiari, Alireza Riyahi Bintal, Amin Zakaly, Hesham M. H. Arai, Takaomi Naji, Abolfazl Saleem, Muhammad Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin Ghim, Hock Ong Subramaniam, Geetha Ling, Shing Wong
spellingShingle	Chee, Kong Yap Wen, Siang Tan Wan, Hee Cheng Wan Mohd Syazwan Wahid, Noor Azrizal Krishnan, Kumar Go, Rusea Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz Mustafa, Muskhazli Omar, Hishamuddin Weiyun, Chew Edward, Franklin Berandah Okamura, Hideo Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Al-Shami, Salman Abdo Sharifinia, Moslem Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad Chen, Feng You Bakhtiari, Alireza Riyahi Bintal, Amin Zakaly, Hesham M. H. Arai, Takaomi Naji, Abolfazl Saleem, Muhammad Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin Ghim, Hock Ong Subramaniam, Geetha Ling, Shing Wong Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia
author_facet	Chee, Kong Yap Wen, Siang Tan Wan, Hee Cheng Wan Mohd Syazwan Wahid, Noor Azrizal Krishnan, Kumar Go, Rusea Nulit, Rosimah Ibrahim, Mohd. Hafiz Mustafa, Muskhazli Omar, Hishamuddin Weiyun, Chew Edward, Franklin Berandah Okamura, Hideo Al-Mutairi, Khalid Awadh Al-Shami, Salman Abdo Sharifinia, Moslem Keshavarzifard, Mehrzad Chen, Feng You Bakhtiari, Alireza Riyahi Bintal, Amin Zakaly, Hesham M. H. Arai, Takaomi Naji, Abolfazl Saleem, Muhammad Abd Rahman, Mohd Amiruddin Ghim, Hock Ong Subramaniam, Geetha Ling, Shing Wong
author_sort	Chee, Kong Yap
title	Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia
title_short	Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia
title_full	Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia
title_fullStr	Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia
title_sort	ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of peninsular malaysia
publisher	Frontiers Media
publishDate	2022
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/101042/ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.939860/full
_version_	1769844403169394688
score	13.211869

Ecological–health risk of antimony and arsenic in Centella asiatica, topsoils, and mangrove sediments: a case study of Peninsular Malaysia

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