Staff View: A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown

A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown

In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field...

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Main Authors:	Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq, Ahmad, Mohd Riduan, Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser, Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin, Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar, Lu, Gaopeng, Zhang, Hongbo, Williams, Earle, Cooray, Vernon, Nordin, Farah Hani
Format:	Article
Published:	Elsevier 2022
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100437/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809522002460
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spelling	my.upm.eprints.1004372023-12-15T23:18:50Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100437/ A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon Nordin, Farah Hani In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field (B-field), and very high frequency (VHF) sensors located at two observation stations (ST1 and ST2) 13.26 km apart. The key finding is that CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) while CG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) not preceded by a short VHF pulse. The VHF burst was a precursor for initiation of a narrow bipolar event (NBE)-like pulse and initial electric field changes (IECs). Based on the VHF interferometer map, the VHF sources of NBE-like pulses have been propagated upward predominantly vertical. The initiation altitude, total length of the VHF sources propagation, estimated velocity of NBE-like pulse for CG1 flash were 4.5 ± 0.5 km, 1.9–3.8 km, and 2.4 × 108 to 4.8 × 108 ms−1, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 5.1 ± 0.8 km, 0.2–3.0 km, and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1, respectively. It is evident that IECs process has been initiated during fast positive streamers propagation. It can be suggested that the IECs process resulted from charge transfer during a fast positive breakdown. The durations and magnitudes of IECs for CG1 flash were 248.5 μs and 27.97 V/m, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 265.8 μs and 2.31 V/m, respectively. Elsevier 2022-10-01 Article PeerReviewed Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq and Ahmad, Mohd Riduan and Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser and Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin and Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar and Lu, Gaopeng and Zhang, Hongbo and Williams, Earle and Cooray, Vernon and Nordin, Farah Hani (2022) A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown. Atmospheric Research, 276. art. no. 106260. pp. 1-13. ISSN 0169-8095 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809522002460 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106260
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description	In this paper, we examine the initiation event of two tropical negative cloud to ground (CG) lightning flashes within reversal distance (<8 km) detected on 12 (CG1) and 24 (CG2) November 2019, respectively. The CG flashes were recorded using a fast antenna (FA), slow antenna (SA), magnetic field (B-field), and very high frequency (VHF) sensors located at two observation stations (ST1 and ST2) 13.26 km apart. The key finding is that CG1 flash was initiated by a short VHF pulse followed by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) while CG2 flash was initiated by a VHF burst (fast positive breakdown) not preceded by a short VHF pulse. The VHF burst was a precursor for initiation of a narrow bipolar event (NBE)-like pulse and initial electric field changes (IECs). Based on the VHF interferometer map, the VHF sources of NBE-like pulses have been propagated upward predominantly vertical. The initiation altitude, total length of the VHF sources propagation, estimated velocity of NBE-like pulse for CG1 flash were 4.5 ± 0.5 km, 1.9–3.8 km, and 2.4 × 108 to 4.8 × 108 ms−1, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 5.1 ± 0.8 km, 0.2–3.0 km, and 2.7 × 107 to 4.1 × 108 ms−1, respectively. It is evident that IECs process has been initiated during fast positive streamers propagation. It can be suggested that the IECs process resulted from charge transfer during a fast positive breakdown. The durations and magnitudes of IECs for CG1 flash were 248.5 μs and 27.97 V/m, respectively, and for CG2 flash were 265.8 μs and 2.31 V/m, respectively.
format	Article
author	Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon Nordin, Farah Hani
spellingShingle	Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon Nordin, Farah Hani A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown
author_facet	Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq Ahmad, Mohd Riduan Al-Kahtani, Ammar Ahmed Nasser Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Shamsul Baharin, Shamsul Ammar Lu, Gaopeng Zhang, Hongbo Williams, Earle Cooray, Vernon Nordin, Farah Hani
author_sort	Mohammad Sabri, Muhammad Haziq
title	A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown
title_short	A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown
title_full	A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown
title_fullStr	A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown
title_full_unstemmed	A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown
title_sort	study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/100437/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809522002460
_version_	1787137206509371392
score	13.211869

A study of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes initiated by fast positive breakdown

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