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Microalgae biomass and biomolecule quantification: Optical techniques, challenges and prospects

Microalgae have emerged as a potential raw material to produce a spectrum of industrially significant biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and carotenoids. Nevertheless, the progress on industrial-scale microalgae cultivation and biomolecules harvesting is unsatisfactory. There still exists severa...

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Main Authors:	Thiviyanathan V.A., Ker P.J., Hoon Tang S.G., Amin E.P., Yee W., Hannan M.A., Jamaludin Z., Nghiem L.D., Indra Mahlia T.M.
Other Authors:	57205077992
Format:	Review
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 2025
Subjects:	Biomass Biomolecules Data acquisition Data Analytics Decision making Machine learning Microorganisms Micro-algae Microalga biomass Microalga biomolecule Microalgae cultivation Microalgae culture Optical detection Optical monitoring Optical technique Microalgae
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id	my.uniten.dspace-37209
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spelling	my.uniten.dspace-372092025-03-03T15:48:42Z Microalgae biomass and biomolecule quantification: Optical techniques, challenges and prospects Thiviyanathan V.A. Ker P.J. Hoon Tang S.G. Amin E.P. Yee W. Hannan M.A. Jamaludin Z. Nghiem L.D. Indra Mahlia T.M. 57205077992 37461740800 58667012600 57959236400 36931972700 7103014445 58667940800 36778460100 56997615100 Biomass Biomolecules Data acquisition Data Analytics Decision making Machine learning Microorganisms Micro-algae Microalga biomass Microalga biomolecule Microalgae cultivation Microalgae culture Optical detection Optical monitoring Optical technique Microalgae Microalgae have emerged as a potential raw material to produce a spectrum of industrially significant biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and carotenoids. Nevertheless, the progress on industrial-scale microalgae cultivation and biomolecules harvesting is unsatisfactory. There still exists several major technical challenges associated with the optimization, monitoring, and extraction of biomolecules in microalgae. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art methods to monitor microalgae biomass and biomolecules. Some of the common methods used to monitor the biomass and biomolecules in the microalgae culture include manual cell counting, spectroscopy measurements, and colorimetric methods. Key drawbacks of these methods such as processing time, accuracy, reliability, and compatibility with real time data acquisition are discussed to explore new approaches for future development. Apart from a systematic evaluation of the importance of these microalgae biomolecules to various industries, this review also provides comparative analysis to highlight the important aspects of microalgae monitoring methods such as accuracy, optical detection wavelength range, and the characteristics of these measurement techniques. Potential approaches to improve the efficiency of optical methods in monitoring microalgae culture are also emphasized. This review also elucidates the potential of machine learning and big data analytics algorithms in understanding the growth and interaction of microalgae strains as well as to aid in decision making, which can possibly encourage the participation of small-scale and large-scale farmers in microalgae cultivation. Information corroborated in this review is expected to provide an important roadmap for future research in monitoring biomass and quantifying biomolecules in microalgae by optical techniques. ? 2023 Elsevier Ltd Final 2025-03-03T07:48:41Z 2025-03-03T07:48:41Z 2024 Review 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113926 2-s2.0-85175085839 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175085839&doi=10.1016%2fj.rser.2023.113926&partnerID=40&md5=af85ba627b9b4404629ee72888fa4c1b https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/37209 189 113926 Elsevier Ltd Scopus
institution	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building	UNITEN Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source	UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic	Biomass Biomolecules Data acquisition Data Analytics Decision making Machine learning Microorganisms Micro-algae Microalga biomass Microalga biomolecule Microalgae cultivation Microalgae culture Optical detection Optical monitoring Optical technique Microalgae
spellingShingle	Biomass Biomolecules Data acquisition Data Analytics Decision making Machine learning Microorganisms Micro-algae Microalga biomass Microalga biomolecule Microalgae cultivation Microalgae culture Optical detection Optical monitoring Optical technique Microalgae Thiviyanathan V.A. Ker P.J. Hoon Tang S.G. Amin E.P. Yee W. Hannan M.A. Jamaludin Z. Nghiem L.D. Indra Mahlia T.M. Microalgae biomass and biomolecule quantification: Optical techniques, challenges and prospects
description	Microalgae have emerged as a potential raw material to produce a spectrum of industrially significant biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and carotenoids. Nevertheless, the progress on industrial-scale microalgae cultivation and biomolecules harvesting is unsatisfactory. There still exists several major technical challenges associated with the optimization, monitoring, and extraction of biomolecules in microalgae. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art methods to monitor microalgae biomass and biomolecules. Some of the common methods used to monitor the biomass and biomolecules in the microalgae culture include manual cell counting, spectroscopy measurements, and colorimetric methods. Key drawbacks of these methods such as processing time, accuracy, reliability, and compatibility with real time data acquisition are discussed to explore new approaches for future development. Apart from a systematic evaluation of the importance of these microalgae biomolecules to various industries, this review also provides comparative analysis to highlight the important aspects of microalgae monitoring methods such as accuracy, optical detection wavelength range, and the characteristics of these measurement techniques. Potential approaches to improve the efficiency of optical methods in monitoring microalgae culture are also emphasized. This review also elucidates the potential of machine learning and big data analytics algorithms in understanding the growth and interaction of microalgae strains as well as to aid in decision making, which can possibly encourage the participation of small-scale and large-scale farmers in microalgae cultivation. Information corroborated in this review is expected to provide an important roadmap for future research in monitoring biomass and quantifying biomolecules in microalgae by optical techniques. ? 2023 Elsevier Ltd
author2	57205077992
author_facet	57205077992 Thiviyanathan V.A. Ker P.J. Hoon Tang S.G. Amin E.P. Yee W. Hannan M.A. Jamaludin Z. Nghiem L.D. Indra Mahlia T.M.
format	Review
author	Thiviyanathan V.A. Ker P.J. Hoon Tang S.G. Amin E.P. Yee W. Hannan M.A. Jamaludin Z. Nghiem L.D. Indra Mahlia T.M.
author_sort	Thiviyanathan V.A.
title	Microalgae biomass and biomolecule quantification: Optical techniques, challenges and prospects
title_short	Microalgae biomass and biomolecule quantification: Optical techniques, challenges and prospects
title_full	Microalgae biomass and biomolecule quantification: Optical techniques, challenges and prospects
title_fullStr	Microalgae biomass and biomolecule quantification: Optical techniques, challenges and prospects
title_full_unstemmed	Microalgae biomass and biomolecule quantification: Optical techniques, challenges and prospects
title_sort	microalgae biomass and biomolecule quantification: optical techniques, challenges and prospects
publisher	Elsevier Ltd
publishDate	2025
_version_	1825816298091708416
score	13.244109

Microalgae biomass and biomolecule quantification: Optical techniques, challenges and prospects

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