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Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations

The use of rubber aggregates derived from discarded rubber tyres in concrete is a pioneering approach to replacing natural aggregate (NA) and promoting sustainable building practices. Recycled aggregate in concrete serves the dual purpose of alleviating the accumulation of discarded rubber tyres on...

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Main Authors:	Abdullah G.M.S., Chohan I.M., Ali M., Bheel N., Ahmad M., Najeh T., Gamil Y., Almujibah H.R.
Other Authors:	56606096100
Format:	Article
Published:	Frontiers Media SA 2025
Subjects:	Cements Compressive strength Concrete aggregates Durability Intelligent buildings Nanostructured materials Pore size Rubber Shrinkage Tensile strength Crumb rubber Drying shrinkages Mechanical Mechanical and durability characteristic Mechanical and durability properties Modeling and optimization Multi objective Multi-objective RSM modeling Natural aggregate Rubberized concrete Titanium dioxide
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id	my.uniten.dspace-37175
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spelling	my.uniten.dspace-371752025-03-03T15:48:16Z Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations Abdullah G.M.S. Chohan I.M. Ali M. Bheel N. Ahmad M. Najeh T. Gamil Y. Almujibah H.R. 56606096100 58515452200 59533538900 57217233933 58731610900 57220642186 57191379149 57209688066 Cements Compressive strength Concrete aggregates Durability Intelligent buildings Nanostructured materials Pore size Rubber Shrinkage Tensile strength Crumb rubber Drying shrinkages Mechanical Mechanical and durability characteristic Mechanical and durability properties Modeling and optimization Multi objective Multi-objective RSM modeling Natural aggregate Rubberized concrete Titanium dioxide The use of rubber aggregates derived from discarded rubber tyres in concrete is a pioneering approach to replacing natural aggregate (NA) and promoting sustainable building practices. Recycled aggregate in concrete serves the dual purpose of alleviating the accumulation of discarded rubber tyres on the planet and providing a more sustainable alternative to decreasing natural aggregate. Due to fact that the crumb rubber (CR) decreases the strength when used in concrete, incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a nanomaterial to counteract the decrease in strength of crumb rubber concrete is a potential solution. Response Surface Methodology was developed to generate sixteen RUNs which contains different mix design by providing two input parameters like TiO2 at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by cement weight and CR at 10%, 20%, and 30% as substitutions for volume of sand. These mixtures underwent testing for 28 days to evaluate their mechanical, deformation, and durability properties. Moreover, the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus were recorded by 51.40 MPa, 4.47 MPa, 5.91 MPa, and 40.15 GPa when 1.5% TiO2 and 10% CR were added in rubberised concrete after 28 days respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of TiO2 led to reduced drying shrinkage and sorptivity in rubberized concrete, especially with increased TiO2 content. The study highlights that TiO2 inclusion refines pore size and densifies the interface between cement matrix and aggregate in hardened rubberized concrete. This transformative effect results in rubberized concrete demonstrating a commendable compressive strength comparable to normal concrete. Copyright ? 2024 Abdullah, Chohan, Ali, Bheel, Ahmad, Najeh, Gamil and Almujibah. Final 2025-03-03T07:48:16Z 2025-03-03T07:48:16Z 2024 Article 10.3389/fmats.2024.1357094 2-s2.0-85193830272 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85193830272&doi=10.3389%2ffmats.2024.1357094&partnerID=40&md5=cc2b1590fb65fce25daeaaea09acbae7 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/37175 11 1357094 All Open Access; Gold Open Access Frontiers Media SA Scopus
institution	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building	UNITEN Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source	UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic	Cements Compressive strength Concrete aggregates Durability Intelligent buildings Nanostructured materials Pore size Rubber Shrinkage Tensile strength Crumb rubber Drying shrinkages Mechanical Mechanical and durability characteristic Mechanical and durability properties Modeling and optimization Multi objective Multi-objective RSM modeling Natural aggregate Rubberized concrete Titanium dioxide
spellingShingle	Cements Compressive strength Concrete aggregates Durability Intelligent buildings Nanostructured materials Pore size Rubber Shrinkage Tensile strength Crumb rubber Drying shrinkages Mechanical Mechanical and durability characteristic Mechanical and durability properties Modeling and optimization Multi objective Multi-objective RSM modeling Natural aggregate Rubberized concrete Titanium dioxide Abdullah G.M.S. Chohan I.M. Ali M. Bheel N. Ahmad M. Najeh T. Gamil Y. Almujibah H.R. Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations
description	The use of rubber aggregates derived from discarded rubber tyres in concrete is a pioneering approach to replacing natural aggregate (NA) and promoting sustainable building practices. Recycled aggregate in concrete serves the dual purpose of alleviating the accumulation of discarded rubber tyres on the planet and providing a more sustainable alternative to decreasing natural aggregate. Due to fact that the crumb rubber (CR) decreases the strength when used in concrete, incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a nanomaterial to counteract the decrease in strength of crumb rubber concrete is a potential solution. Response Surface Methodology was developed to generate sixteen RUNs which contains different mix design by providing two input parameters like TiO2 at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by cement weight and CR at 10%, 20%, and 30% as substitutions for volume of sand. These mixtures underwent testing for 28 days to evaluate their mechanical, deformation, and durability properties. Moreover, the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus were recorded by 51.40 MPa, 4.47 MPa, 5.91 MPa, and 40.15 GPa when 1.5% TiO2 and 10% CR were added in rubberised concrete after 28 days respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of TiO2 led to reduced drying shrinkage and sorptivity in rubberized concrete, especially with increased TiO2 content. The study highlights that TiO2 inclusion refines pore size and densifies the interface between cement matrix and aggregate in hardened rubberized concrete. This transformative effect results in rubberized concrete demonstrating a commendable compressive strength comparable to normal concrete. Copyright ? 2024 Abdullah, Chohan, Ali, Bheel, Ahmad, Najeh, Gamil and Almujibah.
author2	56606096100
author_facet	56606096100 Abdullah G.M.S. Chohan I.M. Ali M. Bheel N. Ahmad M. Najeh T. Gamil Y. Almujibah H.R.
format	Article
author	Abdullah G.M.S. Chohan I.M. Ali M. Bheel N. Ahmad M. Najeh T. Gamil Y. Almujibah H.R.
author_sort	Abdullah G.M.S.
title	Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations
title_short	Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations
title_full	Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations
title_fullStr	Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations
title_sort	effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying rsm modelling and optimizations
publisher	Frontiers Media SA
publishDate	2025
_version_	1826077625248907264
score	13.244413

Effect of titanium dioxide as nanomaterials on mechanical and durability properties of rubberised concrete by applying RSM modelling and optimizations

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