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Exoskeletons for Elderly Activity of Daily Living Assistance: A Review of Upper Limb Exoskeletons and Assessments

Population ageing is a major global issue. The elderly population aged 65 and above made up approximately 9% of the world's population in 2019, with projections indicating this will rise to 16%, or 1.5 billion individuals, by 2050. The elderly experience a natural decline in strength, endurance...

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Main Authors: Jalal M.F.A., Harith H.H., Hasan W.Z.W., Salim M.S.F., Lin T.-T.
Other Authors: 37116431100
Format: Review
Published: Penerbit UTHM 2025
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spelling my.uniten.dspace-371162025-03-03T15:47:39Z Exoskeletons for Elderly Activity of Daily Living Assistance: A Review of Upper Limb Exoskeletons and Assessments Jalal M.F.A. Harith H.H. Hasan W.Z.W. Salim M.S.F. Lin T.-T. 37116431100 52363749000 57219410727 57208214339 7404860130 Population ageing is a major global issue. The elderly population aged 65 and above made up approximately 9% of the world's population in 2019, with projections indicating this will rise to 16%, or 1.5 billion individuals, by 2050. The elderly experience a natural decline in strength, endurance, agility, and flexibility. Exoskeletons have the potential to assist the elderly in daily tasks, improve mobility and balance, and provide additional strength, endurance, and capability to maintain accurate limb movement. Their application leads to a more independent and autonomous life, fostering healthy ageing and ageing in place. However, their development requires thorough considerations of functionality and user experience criteria, such as addressing the alignment with human joints, social acceptance, and motivation for exoskeleton usage. This review presents an overview of upper-limb exoskeletons designed to assist the elderly in activities of daily living, focusing on exoskeleton types and assessments. Eighteen upper limb exoskeletons were identified from the literature and categorised based on supported body segment and structure. Most of the exoskeletons are either in the embodiment design or prototyping stages and their evaluations were predominantly performed in the laboratory or simulated environment. Elderly participation in exoskeleton assessment is currently limited. There is a lack of standardized exoskeleton assessments essential for certifications, commercialization, and universal benchmarks in diverse studies. These standards would ensure consistent, repeatable, reliable, validated, and comparable findings. ? This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Final 2025-03-03T07:47:39Z 2025-03-03T07:47:39Z 2024 Review 10.30880/ijie.2024.16.01.008 2-s2.0-85195062635 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195062635&doi=10.30880%2fijie.2024.16.01.008&partnerID=40&md5=797b839231a464cd341d67b6f93143fb https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/37116 16 1 87 105 Penerbit UTHM Scopus
institution Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building UNITEN Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
description Population ageing is a major global issue. The elderly population aged 65 and above made up approximately 9% of the world's population in 2019, with projections indicating this will rise to 16%, or 1.5 billion individuals, by 2050. The elderly experience a natural decline in strength, endurance, agility, and flexibility. Exoskeletons have the potential to assist the elderly in daily tasks, improve mobility and balance, and provide additional strength, endurance, and capability to maintain accurate limb movement. Their application leads to a more independent and autonomous life, fostering healthy ageing and ageing in place. However, their development requires thorough considerations of functionality and user experience criteria, such as addressing the alignment with human joints, social acceptance, and motivation for exoskeleton usage. This review presents an overview of upper-limb exoskeletons designed to assist the elderly in activities of daily living, focusing on exoskeleton types and assessments. Eighteen upper limb exoskeletons were identified from the literature and categorised based on supported body segment and structure. Most of the exoskeletons are either in the embodiment design or prototyping stages and their evaluations were predominantly performed in the laboratory or simulated environment. Elderly participation in exoskeleton assessment is currently limited. There is a lack of standardized exoskeleton assessments essential for certifications, commercialization, and universal benchmarks in diverse studies. These standards would ensure consistent, repeatable, reliable, validated, and comparable findings. ? This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
author2 37116431100
author_facet 37116431100
Jalal M.F.A.
Harith H.H.
Hasan W.Z.W.
Salim M.S.F.
Lin T.-T.
format Review
author Jalal M.F.A.
Harith H.H.
Hasan W.Z.W.
Salim M.S.F.
Lin T.-T.
spellingShingle Jalal M.F.A.
Harith H.H.
Hasan W.Z.W.
Salim M.S.F.
Lin T.-T.
Exoskeletons for Elderly Activity of Daily Living Assistance: A Review of Upper Limb Exoskeletons and Assessments
author_sort Jalal M.F.A.
title Exoskeletons for Elderly Activity of Daily Living Assistance: A Review of Upper Limb Exoskeletons and Assessments
title_short Exoskeletons for Elderly Activity of Daily Living Assistance: A Review of Upper Limb Exoskeletons and Assessments
title_full Exoskeletons for Elderly Activity of Daily Living Assistance: A Review of Upper Limb Exoskeletons and Assessments
title_fullStr Exoskeletons for Elderly Activity of Daily Living Assistance: A Review of Upper Limb Exoskeletons and Assessments
title_full_unstemmed Exoskeletons for Elderly Activity of Daily Living Assistance: A Review of Upper Limb Exoskeletons and Assessments
title_sort exoskeletons for elderly activity of daily living assistance: a review of upper limb exoskeletons and assessments
publisher Penerbit UTHM
publishDate 2025
_version_ 1826077576974565376
score 13.244413

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