Staff View: Impact of Dust and Sandstorms on 6G UAV Base Station Performance in Arid Saudi Arabian Environments

Impact of Dust and Sandstorms on 6G UAV Base Station Performance in Arid Saudi Arabian Environments

This research provides a detailed quantitative analysis of the challenges encountered in deploying 6G Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Base Stations UAV-BS in arid environments, specifically focusing on Saudi Arabia. The study meticulously quantifies the impact of dust and sand storms on these advanced commu...

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Main Authors:	Shalaby A.M., Othman N.S., Shalaby M.
Other Authors:	57219433216
Format:	Article
Published:	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025
Subjects:	5G mobile communication systems Base stations Dust Network architecture Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Sand Signal processing Signal to noise ratio Storms Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) Vehicle to vehicle communications Visibility 6g 6g mobile communication Aerial base station Aerial vehicle Attenuation Dust and sand storm attenuation Dust storm Line of Sight Line of sight probability Lines-of-sight Mobile communications Particle swarm Particle swarm optimization Path loss Sand storms Storm attenuation Swarm optimization Unmanned aerial vehicle Wireless communications Antennas
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spelling	my.uniten.dspace-370452025-03-03T15:46:55Z Impact of Dust and Sandstorms on 6G UAV Base Station Performance in Arid Saudi Arabian Environments Shalaby A.M. Othman N.S. Shalaby M. 57219433216 56426823300 57189881220 5G mobile communication systems Base stations Dust Network architecture Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Sand Signal processing Signal to noise ratio Storms Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) Vehicle to vehicle communications Visibility 6g 6g mobile communication Aerial base station Aerial vehicle Attenuation Dust and sand storm attenuation Dust storm Line of Sight Line of sight probability Lines-of-sight Mobile communications Particle swarm Particle swarm optimization Path loss Sand storms Storm attenuation Swarm optimization Unmanned aerial vehicle Wireless communications Antennas This research provides a detailed quantitative analysis of the challenges encountered in deploying 6G Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Base Stations UAV-BS in arid environments, specifically focusing on Saudi Arabia. The study meticulously quantifies the impact of dust and sand storms on these advanced communication systems, highlighting the substantial increase in signal attenuation and path loss under such conditions. Key findings include a marked dependency of transmitted power requirements on visibility at millimeter range high frequencies, (at 100 GHz). The results demonstrate that at this frequency, a decrease in ground visibility from 15 to 5 meters necessitates a significant increase in transmitted power by approximately 10 dB. Moreover, a striking 50 dB increase in path loss is observed when transitioning from a 3 GHz carrier frequency to 100 GHz under a ground visibility of 5 meters. This increase is attributed to a 30 dB rise in free space loss FSL due to the change in carrier frequency and an additional 20 dB attributed to increased dust attenuation at 100 GHz compared to 3 GHz. Our approach integrates PSO for dynamic UAV-BS positioning, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of dust and sand on signal quality. The research underscores the importance of considering UAV altitude, signal frequency, and ground visibility for optimal signal propagation. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of dynamic power management strategies within the network architecture to adapt to the unique challenges of arid environments. This study not only illuminates the practical implications for the deployment of UAV-BS in future 6G networks but also emphasizes the need for continuous adaptation of UAV-BS positioning in response to changes in visibility and that due to continuous change in the pattern of active users (asking for network services). The insights gained are crucial for ensuring reliable communication during environmental challenges, paving the way for more resilient and efficient wireless communication systems in demanding conditions. ? 2013 IEEE. Final 2025-03-03T07:46:55Z 2025-03-03T07:46:55Z 2024 Article 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3412979 2-s2.0-85196056283 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85196056283&doi=10.1109%2fACCESS.2024.3412979&partnerID=40&md5=27aeb57a1f06606b4cc238ba2b2d42f8 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/37045 12 86194 86207 All Open Access; Gold Open Access Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. Scopus
institution	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building	UNITEN Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source	UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic	5G mobile communication systems Base stations Dust Network architecture Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Sand Signal processing Signal to noise ratio Storms Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) Vehicle to vehicle communications Visibility 6g 6g mobile communication Aerial base station Aerial vehicle Attenuation Dust and sand storm attenuation Dust storm Line of Sight Line of sight probability Lines-of-sight Mobile communications Particle swarm Particle swarm optimization Path loss Sand storms Storm attenuation Swarm optimization Unmanned aerial vehicle Wireless communications Antennas
spellingShingle	5G mobile communication systems Base stations Dust Network architecture Particle swarm optimization (PSO) Sand Signal processing Signal to noise ratio Storms Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) Vehicle to vehicle communications Visibility 6g 6g mobile communication Aerial base station Aerial vehicle Attenuation Dust and sand storm attenuation Dust storm Line of Sight Line of sight probability Lines-of-sight Mobile communications Particle swarm Particle swarm optimization Path loss Sand storms Storm attenuation Swarm optimization Unmanned aerial vehicle Wireless communications Antennas Shalaby A.M. Othman N.S. Shalaby M. Impact of Dust and Sandstorms on 6G UAV Base Station Performance in Arid Saudi Arabian Environments
description	This research provides a detailed quantitative analysis of the challenges encountered in deploying 6G Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Base Stations UAV-BS in arid environments, specifically focusing on Saudi Arabia. The study meticulously quantifies the impact of dust and sand storms on these advanced communication systems, highlighting the substantial increase in signal attenuation and path loss under such conditions. Key findings include a marked dependency of transmitted power requirements on visibility at millimeter range high frequencies, (at 100 GHz). The results demonstrate that at this frequency, a decrease in ground visibility from 15 to 5 meters necessitates a significant increase in transmitted power by approximately 10 dB. Moreover, a striking 50 dB increase in path loss is observed when transitioning from a 3 GHz carrier frequency to 100 GHz under a ground visibility of 5 meters. This increase is attributed to a 30 dB rise in free space loss FSL due to the change in carrier frequency and an additional 20 dB attributed to increased dust attenuation at 100 GHz compared to 3 GHz. Our approach integrates PSO for dynamic UAV-BS positioning, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of dust and sand on signal quality. The research underscores the importance of considering UAV altitude, signal frequency, and ground visibility for optimal signal propagation. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of dynamic power management strategies within the network architecture to adapt to the unique challenges of arid environments. This study not only illuminates the practical implications for the deployment of UAV-BS in future 6G networks but also emphasizes the need for continuous adaptation of UAV-BS positioning in response to changes in visibility and that due to continuous change in the pattern of active users (asking for network services). The insights gained are crucial for ensuring reliable communication during environmental challenges, paving the way for more resilient and efficient wireless communication systems in demanding conditions. ? 2013 IEEE.
author2	57219433216
author_facet	57219433216 Shalaby A.M. Othman N.S. Shalaby M.
format	Article
author	Shalaby A.M. Othman N.S. Shalaby M.
author_sort	Shalaby A.M.
title	Impact of Dust and Sandstorms on 6G UAV Base Station Performance in Arid Saudi Arabian Environments
title_short	Impact of Dust and Sandstorms on 6G UAV Base Station Performance in Arid Saudi Arabian Environments
title_full	Impact of Dust and Sandstorms on 6G UAV Base Station Performance in Arid Saudi Arabian Environments
title_fullStr	Impact of Dust and Sandstorms on 6G UAV Base Station Performance in Arid Saudi Arabian Environments
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of Dust and Sandstorms on 6G UAV Base Station Performance in Arid Saudi Arabian Environments
title_sort	impact of dust and sandstorms on 6g uav base station performance in arid saudi arabian environments
publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
publishDate	2025
_version_	1826077320275820544
score	13.244413

Impact of Dust and Sandstorms on 6G UAV Base Station Performance in Arid Saudi Arabian Environments

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