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Survey on Clustered Routing Protocols Adaptivity for Fire Incidents: Architecture Challenges, Data Losing, and Recommended Solutions

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) significantly impact reliable data communications in environmental monitoring, health care, and transportation applications. Low-powered and small sensor nodes compose these networks, configured to perform specific tasks like detection, management, prediction, and mon...

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Main Authors: Abbas O.K., Abdullah F., Radzi N.A.M., Salman A.D., Abdulkadir S.J.
Other Authors: 59281369500
Format: Article
Published: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025
Subjects:
Data communication systems
Fault tolerance
Fire hazards
Steganography
Architecture challenge
Clusterings
Data routing
Data routing failure
Hier-archical clustering
Hierarchical Clustering
Network segmentation
Routing failures
Routing-protocol
Routings
Sensors network
Wireless sensor
Sensor nodes
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spelling my.uniten.dspace-369812025-03-03T15:46:19Z Survey on Clustered Routing Protocols Adaptivity for Fire Incidents: Architecture Challenges, Data Losing, and Recommended Solutions Abbas O.K. Abdullah F. Radzi N.A.M. Salman A.D. Abdulkadir S.J. 59281369500 56613644500 57218936786 57208264120 58045042200 Data communication systems Fault tolerance Fire hazards Steganography Architecture challenge Clusterings Data routing Data routing failure Hier-archical clustering Hierarchical Clustering Network segmentation Routing failures Routing-protocol Routings Sensors network Wireless sensor Sensor nodes Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) significantly impact reliable data communications in environmental monitoring, health care, and transportation applications. Low-powered and small sensor nodes compose these networks, configured to perform specific tasks like detection, management, prediction, and monitoring. Clustering in WSNs is a reliable method of effectively transferring data within the network through routing. Thus, developing an effective routing algorithm to optimize network functionality is a big concern. Cluster Heads (CHs), selected through a range of metrics, are responsible for data aggregation and transmission to the Base Station (BS). Many clustered routing algorithms have been developed to address various issues like energy efficiency, network lifetime, and hotspot problems. However, several challenges still need to be addressed, including network segmentation, isolated node issues, and data routing failures. This survey offers a comprehensive review of various routing protocols and their different performance metrics. It evaluates the architectural challenges that caused network segmentations and data routing failures in the case of unexpected head node failures during high-stress events, particularly indoor fires. Recommended solutions to the mentioned issues are also explored. A new taxonomy for the CH-selection methods based on the technique used is proposed, along with a comparative review of other CH-selection surveys. Additionally, this survey scrutinizes the challenges and constraints inherent in current fault tolerance routing algorithms, evaluating their efficacy in fire-related incidents. The survey concluded that protocol designers must focus on the development and implementation of fire-adaptive routing protocols, incorporating optimal fault tolerance routing algorithms that adapt seamlessly to unforeseen environmental changes, including fire incidents. Such adaptability is pivotal in preserving network topology and preventing data loss. ? 2013 IEEE. Final 2025-03-03T07:46:19Z 2025-03-03T07:46:19Z 2024 Article 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3443990 2-s2.0-85201618434 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85201618434&doi=10.1109%2fACCESS.2024.3443990&partnerID=40&md5=c67457990b26504b861266f5f9ebdfdb https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/36981 12 113518 113552 All Open Access; Gold Open Access Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. Scopus
institution Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building UNITEN Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic Data communication systems
Fault tolerance
Fire hazards
Steganography
Architecture challenge
Clusterings
Data routing
Data routing failure
Hier-archical clustering
Hierarchical Clustering
Network segmentation
Routing failures
Routing-protocol
Routings
Sensors network
Wireless sensor
Sensor nodes
spellingShingle Data communication systems
Fault tolerance
Fire hazards
Steganography
Architecture challenge
Clusterings
Data routing
Data routing failure
Hier-archical clustering
Hierarchical Clustering
Network segmentation
Routing failures
Routing-protocol
Routings
Sensors network
Wireless sensor
Sensor nodes
Abbas O.K.
Abdullah F.
Radzi N.A.M.
Salman A.D.
Abdulkadir S.J.
Survey on Clustered Routing Protocols Adaptivity for Fire Incidents: Architecture Challenges, Data Losing, and Recommended Solutions
description Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) significantly impact reliable data communications in environmental monitoring, health care, and transportation applications. Low-powered and small sensor nodes compose these networks, configured to perform specific tasks like detection, management, prediction, and monitoring. Clustering in WSNs is a reliable method of effectively transferring data within the network through routing. Thus, developing an effective routing algorithm to optimize network functionality is a big concern. Cluster Heads (CHs), selected through a range of metrics, are responsible for data aggregation and transmission to the Base Station (BS). Many clustered routing algorithms have been developed to address various issues like energy efficiency, network lifetime, and hotspot problems. However, several challenges still need to be addressed, including network segmentation, isolated node issues, and data routing failures. This survey offers a comprehensive review of various routing protocols and their different performance metrics. It evaluates the architectural challenges that caused network segmentations and data routing failures in the case of unexpected head node failures during high-stress events, particularly indoor fires. Recommended solutions to the mentioned issues are also explored. A new taxonomy for the CH-selection methods based on the technique used is proposed, along with a comparative review of other CH-selection surveys. Additionally, this survey scrutinizes the challenges and constraints inherent in current fault tolerance routing algorithms, evaluating their efficacy in fire-related incidents. The survey concluded that protocol designers must focus on the development and implementation of fire-adaptive routing protocols, incorporating optimal fault tolerance routing algorithms that adapt seamlessly to unforeseen environmental changes, including fire incidents. Such adaptability is pivotal in preserving network topology and preventing data loss. ? 2013 IEEE.
author2 59281369500
author_facet 59281369500
Abbas O.K.
Abdullah F.
Radzi N.A.M.
Salman A.D.
Abdulkadir S.J.
format Article
author Abbas O.K.
Abdullah F.
Radzi N.A.M.
Salman A.D.
Abdulkadir S.J.
author_sort Abbas O.K.
title Survey on Clustered Routing Protocols Adaptivity for Fire Incidents: Architecture Challenges, Data Losing, and Recommended Solutions
title_short Survey on Clustered Routing Protocols Adaptivity for Fire Incidents: Architecture Challenges, Data Losing, and Recommended Solutions
title_full Survey on Clustered Routing Protocols Adaptivity for Fire Incidents: Architecture Challenges, Data Losing, and Recommended Solutions
title_fullStr Survey on Clustered Routing Protocols Adaptivity for Fire Incidents: Architecture Challenges, Data Losing, and Recommended Solutions
title_full_unstemmed Survey on Clustered Routing Protocols Adaptivity for Fire Incidents: Architecture Challenges, Data Losing, and Recommended Solutions
title_sort survey on clustered routing protocols adaptivity for fire incidents: architecture challenges, data losing, and recommended solutions
publisher Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
publishDate 2025
_version_ 1825816151558455296
score 13.244413

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