Groundwater level forecasting with machine learning models: A review

Groundwater, the world's most abundant source of freshwater, is rapidly depleting in many regions due to a variety of factors. Accurate forecasting of groundwater level (GWL) is essential for effective management of this vital resource, but it remains a complex and challenging task. In recent y...

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Main Authors: Boo K.B.W., El-Shafie A., Othman F., Khan M.M.H., Birima A.H., Ahmed A.N.
Other Authors: 58742096300
Format: Review
Published: Elsevier Ltd 2025
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spelling my.uniten.dspace-367202025-03-03T15:44:10Z Groundwater level forecasting with machine learning models: A review Boo K.B.W. El-Shafie A. Othman F. Khan M.M.H. Birima A.H. Ahmed A.N. 58742096300 16068189400 36630785100 16304362800 23466519000 57214837520 Environmental Monitoring Forecasting Groundwater Machine Learning Neural Networks, Computer ground water artificial neural network environmental monitoring forecasting machine learning procedures Groundwater, the world's most abundant source of freshwater, is rapidly depleting in many regions due to a variety of factors. Accurate forecasting of groundwater level (GWL) is essential for effective management of this vital resource, but it remains a complex and challenging task. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the use of machine learning (ML) techniques to model GWL, with many studies reporting exceptional results. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of 142 relevant articles indexed by the Web of Science from 2017 to 2023, focusing on key ML models, including artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), support vector regression (SVR), evolutionary computing (EC), deep learning (DL), ensemble learning (EN), and hybrid-modeling (HM). We also discussed key modeling concepts such as dataset size, data splitting, input variable selection, forecasting time-step, performance metrics (PM), study zones, and aquifers, highlighting best practices for optimal GWL forecasting with ML. This review provides valuable insights and recommendations for researchers and water management agencies working in the field of groundwater management and hydrology. ? 2024 Elsevier Ltd Final 2025-03-03T07:44:09Z 2025-03-03T07:44:09Z 2024 Review 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121249 2-s2.0-85184785090 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184785090&doi=10.1016%2fj.watres.2024.121249&partnerID=40&md5=8a440ed7daaf00792ea5e0ed3a32f9e3 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/36720 252 121249 Elsevier Ltd Scopus
institution Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building UNITEN Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic Environmental Monitoring
Forecasting
Groundwater
Machine Learning
Neural Networks, Computer
ground water
artificial neural network
environmental monitoring
forecasting
machine learning
procedures
spellingShingle Environmental Monitoring
Forecasting
Groundwater
Machine Learning
Neural Networks, Computer
ground water
artificial neural network
environmental monitoring
forecasting
machine learning
procedures
Boo K.B.W.
El-Shafie A.
Othman F.
Khan M.M.H.
Birima A.H.
Ahmed A.N.
Groundwater level forecasting with machine learning models: A review
description Groundwater, the world's most abundant source of freshwater, is rapidly depleting in many regions due to a variety of factors. Accurate forecasting of groundwater level (GWL) is essential for effective management of this vital resource, but it remains a complex and challenging task. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the use of machine learning (ML) techniques to model GWL, with many studies reporting exceptional results. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of 142 relevant articles indexed by the Web of Science from 2017 to 2023, focusing on key ML models, including artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), support vector regression (SVR), evolutionary computing (EC), deep learning (DL), ensemble learning (EN), and hybrid-modeling (HM). We also discussed key modeling concepts such as dataset size, data splitting, input variable selection, forecasting time-step, performance metrics (PM), study zones, and aquifers, highlighting best practices for optimal GWL forecasting with ML. This review provides valuable insights and recommendations for researchers and water management agencies working in the field of groundwater management and hydrology. ? 2024 Elsevier Ltd
author2 58742096300
author_facet 58742096300
Boo K.B.W.
El-Shafie A.
Othman F.
Khan M.M.H.
Birima A.H.
Ahmed A.N.
format Review
author Boo K.B.W.
El-Shafie A.
Othman F.
Khan M.M.H.
Birima A.H.
Ahmed A.N.
author_sort Boo K.B.W.
title Groundwater level forecasting with machine learning models: A review
title_short Groundwater level forecasting with machine learning models: A review
title_full Groundwater level forecasting with machine learning models: A review
title_fullStr Groundwater level forecasting with machine learning models: A review
title_full_unstemmed Groundwater level forecasting with machine learning models: A review
title_sort groundwater level forecasting with machine learning models: a review
publisher Elsevier Ltd
publishDate 2025
_version_ 1825816030229823488
score 13.244413