Early detection of kidney problems through voltammetry, potentiometry, amperometry, and impedance electrochemical techniques: A comprehensive review

In the context of biomarker mechanisms, this paper provides an overview of electrochemical energy, which is the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa via electrochemical processes. It also includes a comparative examination at the basic chemical level of renal function....

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nur Ashakirin Binti Mohd Nashruddin S., Hani Mohamed Salleh F., Ayunni Mohd Raub A.
Other Authors: 59455273500
Format: Review
Published: Elsevier B.V. 2025
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