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Systematic optimization of sol?gel processed Al-doped ZnO for cost-effective transparent conductive oxide

Solution-based fabrication method has gained increasing attention as an alternative low-cost approach for developing transparent conducting oxide (TCO). Systematic optimization of the deposition process can greatly facilitate the formation of thin film with well-balanced optical and electrical prope...

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Main Authors:	Arzaee N.A., Za?abar F.I., Bahrudin M.S., Arsad A.Z., Azman N.I., Abd Rahman M.N., Wan Abdullah W.S., Chau C.F., Mahmood Zuhdi A.W.
Other Authors:	57204034965
Format:	Article
Published:	Springer 2025
Subjects:	Aluminum coatings Aluminum compounds Cost effectiveness II-VI semiconductors Sols Spin coating Thin films Zinc oxide Al-doped ZnO CIGS solar cells Cost effective Energy Fabrication method Low cost approach Sol'gel Systematic optimization Transparent conducting oxide Transparent conductive oxides Transparent conducting oxides
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spelling	my.uniten.dspace-365992025-03-03T15:43:19Z Systematic optimization of sol?gel processed Al-doped ZnO for cost-effective transparent conductive oxide Arzaee N.A. Za?abar F.I. Bahrudin M.S. Arsad A.Z. Azman N.I. Abd Rahman M.N. Wan Abdullah W.S. Chau C.F. Mahmood Zuhdi A.W. 57204034965 56374530600 55603412800 56926685200 56104480900 57102327000 58175300700 25824209000 56589966300 Aluminum coatings Aluminum compounds Cost effectiveness II-VI semiconductors Sols Spin coating Thin films Zinc oxide Al-doped ZnO CIGS solar cells Cost effective Energy Fabrication method Low cost approach Sol'gel Systematic optimization Transparent conducting oxide Transparent conductive oxides Transparent conducting oxides Solution-based fabrication method has gained increasing attention as an alternative low-cost approach for developing transparent conducting oxide (TCO). Systematic optimization of the deposition process can greatly facilitate the formation of thin film with well-balanced optical and electrical properties. In this work, Al-doped ZnO (AZO) layer is grown by sol?gel spin-coating and various fabrication parameters are finely tuned. It is discovered that 2-methoxyethanol is the preferable solvent that produces less morphological defect in the formed AZO film. By using dynamic spin-coating, wrinkle structure is formed, which may be beneficial for reducing light loss. Further control of film thickness by changing the respective spin speed and number of layers to 3000 rpm and 3 layers enables the transparency to reach over 90% and the resistivity to be 3.22 ? 103 � cm. The practicability of the optimized AZO has been demonstrated in the CIGS solar cells as front contact, suggesting that the solution-based route is a potential alternative for developing low-cost TCO. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) ? The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. Final 2025-03-03T07:43:19Z 2025-03-03T07:43:19Z 2024 Article 10.1007/s10971-024-06340-w 2-s2.0-85187259342 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187259342&doi=10.1007%2fs10971-024-06340-w&partnerID=40&md5=bc2dc398c0d6f87e35950bb637519628 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/36599 110 1 52 61 Springer Scopus
institution	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building	UNITEN Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source	UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic	Aluminum coatings Aluminum compounds Cost effectiveness II-VI semiconductors Sols Spin coating Thin films Zinc oxide Al-doped ZnO CIGS solar cells Cost effective Energy Fabrication method Low cost approach Sol'gel Systematic optimization Transparent conducting oxide Transparent conductive oxides Transparent conducting oxides
spellingShingle	Aluminum coatings Aluminum compounds Cost effectiveness II-VI semiconductors Sols Spin coating Thin films Zinc oxide Al-doped ZnO CIGS solar cells Cost effective Energy Fabrication method Low cost approach Sol'gel Systematic optimization Transparent conducting oxide Transparent conductive oxides Transparent conducting oxides Arzaee N.A. Za?abar F.I. Bahrudin M.S. Arsad A.Z. Azman N.I. Abd Rahman M.N. Wan Abdullah W.S. Chau C.F. Mahmood Zuhdi A.W. Systematic optimization of sol?gel processed Al-doped ZnO for cost-effective transparent conductive oxide
description	Solution-based fabrication method has gained increasing attention as an alternative low-cost approach for developing transparent conducting oxide (TCO). Systematic optimization of the deposition process can greatly facilitate the formation of thin film with well-balanced optical and electrical properties. In this work, Al-doped ZnO (AZO) layer is grown by sol?gel spin-coating and various fabrication parameters are finely tuned. It is discovered that 2-methoxyethanol is the preferable solvent that produces less morphological defect in the formed AZO film. By using dynamic spin-coating, wrinkle structure is formed, which may be beneficial for reducing light loss. Further control of film thickness by changing the respective spin speed and number of layers to 3000 rpm and 3 layers enables the transparency to reach over 90% and the resistivity to be 3.22 ? 103 � cm. The practicability of the optimized AZO has been demonstrated in the CIGS solar cells as front contact, suggesting that the solution-based route is a potential alternative for developing low-cost TCO. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) ? The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
author2	57204034965
author_facet	57204034965 Arzaee N.A. Za?abar F.I. Bahrudin M.S. Arsad A.Z. Azman N.I. Abd Rahman M.N. Wan Abdullah W.S. Chau C.F. Mahmood Zuhdi A.W.
format	Article
author	Arzaee N.A. Za?abar F.I. Bahrudin M.S. Arsad A.Z. Azman N.I. Abd Rahman M.N. Wan Abdullah W.S. Chau C.F. Mahmood Zuhdi A.W.
author_sort	Arzaee N.A.
title	Systematic optimization of sol?gel processed Al-doped ZnO for cost-effective transparent conductive oxide
title_short	Systematic optimization of sol?gel processed Al-doped ZnO for cost-effective transparent conductive oxide
title_full	Systematic optimization of sol?gel processed Al-doped ZnO for cost-effective transparent conductive oxide
title_fullStr	Systematic optimization of sol?gel processed Al-doped ZnO for cost-effective transparent conductive oxide
title_full_unstemmed	Systematic optimization of sol?gel processed Al-doped ZnO for cost-effective transparent conductive oxide
title_sort	systematic optimization of sol?gel processed al-doped zno for cost-effective transparent conductive oxide
publisher	Springer
publishDate	2025
_version_	1825816188552216576
score	13.244413

Systematic optimization of sol?gel processed Al-doped ZnO for cost-effective transparent conductive oxide

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