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Prospective energy content assessment of waste biomass and polymer via preliminary analysis

Energy generation from waste biomass offers a promising solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a circular economy. This study investigates the energy potential of various organic materials, including rice husk, soybean, lemon myrtle, waste coffee ground, and empty fruit bunch,...

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Main Authors:	Seah C.C., Habib S.H., Hafriz R.S.R.M., Shamsuddin A.H., Razali N.M., Salmiaton A.
Other Authors:	58123946800
Format:	Article
Published:	Elsevier B.V. 2025
Subjects:	Biomass Blending Citrus fruits Gas emissions Greenhouse gases Organic carbon Biomass wastes Coffee grounds Dulong formula Energy content Proximate analysis Rice husk Thermogravimetric analyse Ultimate analysis Vandralek Waste coffees Thermogravimetric analysis
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id	my.uniten.dspace-36487
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spelling	my.uniten.dspace-364872025-03-03T15:42:40Z Prospective energy content assessment of waste biomass and polymer via preliminary analysis Seah C.C. Habib S.H. Hafriz R.S.R.M. Shamsuddin A.H. Razali N.M. Salmiaton A. 58123946800 56131983000 57204588040 35779071900 58111196100 57193906995 Biomass Blending Citrus fruits Gas emissions Greenhouse gases Organic carbon Biomass wastes Coffee grounds Dulong formula Energy content Proximate analysis Rice husk Thermogravimetric analyse Ultimate analysis Vandralek Waste coffees Thermogravimetric analysis Energy generation from waste biomass offers a promising solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a circular economy. This study investigates the energy potential of various organic materials, including rice husk, soybean, lemon myrtle, waste coffee ground, and empty fruit bunch, co-pyrolysed with HDPE at 500 �C and 50:50 blending ratio for 1 h. Proximate, ultimate, and thermogravimetric analyses were conducted up to 700 �C to determine elemental composition and thermal behaviour. Dulong's formula, modified Dulong's formula, and Vandralek's equation were utilised to assess energy content. Proximate analysis revealed rice husk as the highest in volatile matter (73.08 %), while waste coffee ground had the lowest (32.0 %), and HDPE showed 89.90 %. Ultimate analysis showed organic waste carbon ranges from 25.59 % to 48.75 %, and HDPE at 82.24 %. Pyrolysis reactions yielded distinct distributions of bio-oil, char, and gas, with empty fruit bunch producing the highest oil percentage (26.49 %), lemon myrtle yielding the highest gas (31.07 %), and waste coffee ground favouring char production (74.89 %). Discrepancies in heating values were observed, with Dulong's formula underestimating values for rice husk, soybean, and waste coffee ground (?10 % to ?35 %) and slightly overestimating for lemon myrtle, empty fruit bunch, and HDPE (1 %?25 %). The modified Dulong formula accentuated underestimations, particularly for soybean (?451 %). The Vandralek formula showed positive error ranges (8 %) for biomass samples but underestimated HDPE. This study underscores biomass and HDPE as viable alternatives to conventional energy sources and suggests avenues for future research while highlighting environmental benefits. ? 2024 The Authors Final 2025-03-03T07:42:40Z 2025-03-03T07:42:40Z 2024 Article 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102301 2-s2.0-85193686531 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85193686531&doi=10.1016%2fj.rineng.2024.102301&partnerID=40&md5=ef94333d7a6edaab8cdacd5ef5fc013b https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/36487 22 102301 All Open Access; Gold Open Access Elsevier B.V. Scopus
institution	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building	UNITEN Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source	UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic	Biomass Blending Citrus fruits Gas emissions Greenhouse gases Organic carbon Biomass wastes Coffee grounds Dulong formula Energy content Proximate analysis Rice husk Thermogravimetric analyse Ultimate analysis Vandralek Waste coffees Thermogravimetric analysis
spellingShingle	Biomass Blending Citrus fruits Gas emissions Greenhouse gases Organic carbon Biomass wastes Coffee grounds Dulong formula Energy content Proximate analysis Rice husk Thermogravimetric analyse Ultimate analysis Vandralek Waste coffees Thermogravimetric analysis Seah C.C. Habib S.H. Hafriz R.S.R.M. Shamsuddin A.H. Razali N.M. Salmiaton A. Prospective energy content assessment of waste biomass and polymer via preliminary analysis
description	Energy generation from waste biomass offers a promising solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a circular economy. This study investigates the energy potential of various organic materials, including rice husk, soybean, lemon myrtle, waste coffee ground, and empty fruit bunch, co-pyrolysed with HDPE at 500 �C and 50:50 blending ratio for 1 h. Proximate, ultimate, and thermogravimetric analyses were conducted up to 700 �C to determine elemental composition and thermal behaviour. Dulong's formula, modified Dulong's formula, and Vandralek's equation were utilised to assess energy content. Proximate analysis revealed rice husk as the highest in volatile matter (73.08 %), while waste coffee ground had the lowest (32.0 %), and HDPE showed 89.90 %. Ultimate analysis showed organic waste carbon ranges from 25.59 % to 48.75 %, and HDPE at 82.24 %. Pyrolysis reactions yielded distinct distributions of bio-oil, char, and gas, with empty fruit bunch producing the highest oil percentage (26.49 %), lemon myrtle yielding the highest gas (31.07 %), and waste coffee ground favouring char production (74.89 %). Discrepancies in heating values were observed, with Dulong's formula underestimating values for rice husk, soybean, and waste coffee ground (?10 % to ?35 %) and slightly overestimating for lemon myrtle, empty fruit bunch, and HDPE (1 %?25 %). The modified Dulong formula accentuated underestimations, particularly for soybean (?451 %). The Vandralek formula showed positive error ranges (8 %) for biomass samples but underestimated HDPE. This study underscores biomass and HDPE as viable alternatives to conventional energy sources and suggests avenues for future research while highlighting environmental benefits. ? 2024 The Authors
author2	58123946800
author_facet	58123946800 Seah C.C. Habib S.H. Hafriz R.S.R.M. Shamsuddin A.H. Razali N.M. Salmiaton A.
format	Article
author	Seah C.C. Habib S.H. Hafriz R.S.R.M. Shamsuddin A.H. Razali N.M. Salmiaton A.
author_sort	Seah C.C.
title	Prospective energy content assessment of waste biomass and polymer via preliminary analysis
title_short	Prospective energy content assessment of waste biomass and polymer via preliminary analysis
title_full	Prospective energy content assessment of waste biomass and polymer via preliminary analysis
title_fullStr	Prospective energy content assessment of waste biomass and polymer via preliminary analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Prospective energy content assessment of waste biomass and polymer via preliminary analysis
title_sort	prospective energy content assessment of waste biomass and polymer via preliminary analysis
publisher	Elsevier B.V.
publishDate	2025
_version_	1825816233882157056
score	13.244109

Prospective energy content assessment of waste biomass and polymer via preliminary analysis

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