Staff View: Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application

Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application

Although the use of 3D printing in civil engineering has grown in popularity, one of the primary challenges associated with it is the absence of steel bars inside the printed mortar. As a result, developing 3D printing mortar with ultra-high compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths is critical....

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Main Authors:	Salah H.A., Mutalib A.A., Kaish A.B.M.A., Syamsir A., Algaifi H.A.
Other Authors:	58297421600
Format:	Article
Published:	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2024
Subjects:	3D printing mortar graphene mechanical properties optimization modeling ultra-high-performance mortar
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spelling	my.uniten.dspace-341202024-10-14T11:18:02Z Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application Salah H.A. Mutalib A.A. Kaish A.B.M.A. Syamsir A. Algaifi H.A. 58297421600 55613230213 55257665200 57195320482 57203885467 3D printing mortar graphene mechanical properties optimization modeling ultra-high-performance mortar Although the use of 3D printing in civil engineering has grown in popularity, one of the primary challenges associated with it is the absence of steel bars inside the printed mortar. As a result, developing 3D printing mortar with ultra-high compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths is critical. In the present study, an ultra-high-performance mortar incorporating silica fume (SF) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was developed for 3D printing application. The concrete mixture added SF to the concrete mixture in the range between 0% and 20%, while GNPs were added as a partial replacement by cement weight from 0.5% to 2%. The flowability and the machinal properties of the proposed mortar, including compressive (CS), tensile (TS), and flexural strength (FS), were investigated and assessed. Microstructure analysis involving FESEM and EDX was also investigated and evaluated, while response surface methodology (RSM) was considered to predict and optimize the optimum value of GNPs and SF. Workability results show that the flowability is reduced when the amount of graphene increases. Based on the predicted and experimental results, ultra-high-strength mortar can be developed by including 1.5% of GNPs and 20% of SF, in which the CS jumped from 70.7 MPa to 133.3 MPa at the age of 28 days. The FS and TS were 20.66 MPa and 14.67 MPa compared to the control mix (9.75 MPa and 6.36 MPa), respectively. This favorable outcome was credited to the pozzolanic activity of SF and the effectiveness of GNPs in compacting the pores and bridging the cracks at the nanoscale level, which were verified by FE-SEM and EDX. In addition, the developed quadratic equations proved their accuracy in predicting and optimizing the mechanical properties with low error (less than 0.09) and high correlation (R2 > 0.97). It can be concluded that the current work is an important step forward in developing a 3D printing mortar. The lack of reinforcement in the printed mortar structure has been a considerable difficulty, and the SF and GNPs have increased the compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths of the mortar. Thus, these improvements will encourage the industry to utilize sustainable materials to produce more affordable housing. � 2023 by the authors. Final 2024-10-14T03:18:02Z 2024-10-14T03:18:02Z 2023 Article 10.3390/buildings13081949 2-s2.0-85169144622 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85169144622&doi=10.3390%2fbuildings13081949&partnerID=40&md5=033d7ad2a1566f8c57e42cb5affd6282 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/34120 13 8 1949 All Open Access Gold Open Access Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) Scopus
institution	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building	UNITEN Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source	UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic	3D printing mortar graphene mechanical properties optimization modeling ultra-high-performance mortar
spellingShingle	3D printing mortar graphene mechanical properties optimization modeling ultra-high-performance mortar Salah H.A. Mutalib A.A. Kaish A.B.M.A. Syamsir A. Algaifi H.A. Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application
description	Although the use of 3D printing in civil engineering has grown in popularity, one of the primary challenges associated with it is the absence of steel bars inside the printed mortar. As a result, developing 3D printing mortar with ultra-high compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths is critical. In the present study, an ultra-high-performance mortar incorporating silica fume (SF) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was developed for 3D printing application. The concrete mixture added SF to the concrete mixture in the range between 0% and 20%, while GNPs were added as a partial replacement by cement weight from 0.5% to 2%. The flowability and the machinal properties of the proposed mortar, including compressive (CS), tensile (TS), and flexural strength (FS), were investigated and assessed. Microstructure analysis involving FESEM and EDX was also investigated and evaluated, while response surface methodology (RSM) was considered to predict and optimize the optimum value of GNPs and SF. Workability results show that the flowability is reduced when the amount of graphene increases. Based on the predicted and experimental results, ultra-high-strength mortar can be developed by including 1.5% of GNPs and 20% of SF, in which the CS jumped from 70.7 MPa to 133.3 MPa at the age of 28 days. The FS and TS were 20.66 MPa and 14.67 MPa compared to the control mix (9.75 MPa and 6.36 MPa), respectively. This favorable outcome was credited to the pozzolanic activity of SF and the effectiveness of GNPs in compacting the pores and bridging the cracks at the nanoscale level, which were verified by FE-SEM and EDX. In addition, the developed quadratic equations proved their accuracy in predicting and optimizing the mechanical properties with low error (less than 0.09) and high correlation (R2 > 0.97). It can be concluded that the current work is an important step forward in developing a 3D printing mortar. The lack of reinforcement in the printed mortar structure has been a considerable difficulty, and the SF and GNPs have increased the compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths of the mortar. Thus, these improvements will encourage the industry to utilize sustainable materials to produce more affordable housing. � 2023 by the authors.
author2	58297421600
author_facet	58297421600 Salah H.A. Mutalib A.A. Kaish A.B.M.A. Syamsir A. Algaifi H.A.
format	Article
author	Salah H.A. Mutalib A.A. Kaish A.B.M.A. Syamsir A. Algaifi H.A.
author_sort	Salah H.A.
title	Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application
title_short	Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application
title_full	Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application
title_fullStr	Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application
title_full_unstemmed	Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application
title_sort	development of ultra-high-performance silica fume-based mortar incorporating graphene nanoplatelets for 3-dimensional concrete printing application
publisher	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publishDate	2024
_version_	1814061042222759936
score	13.211869

Development of Ultra-High-Performance Silica Fume-Based Mortar Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for 3-Dimensional Concrete Printing Application

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