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Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete: Modeling and Optimization

The construction industry is increasingly focused on sustainability, with a particular emphasis on reducing the environmental impact of cement production. One approach to this problem is to use recycled materials and explore eco-friendly raw materials, such as alumino-silicate by-products like fly a...

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Main Authors:	Giri Y.G.A.L.P., Mohammed B.S., Liew M.S., Zawawi N.A.W.A., Abdulkadir I., Singh P., Ravindran G.
Other Authors:	58554720200
Format:	Article
Published:	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2024
Subjects:	crumb rubber fly ash geopolymer concrete response surface modelling rubberized geopolymer concrete
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spelling	my.uniten.dspace-341122024-10-14T11:18:00Z Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete: Modeling and Optimization Giri Y.G.A.L.P. Mohammed B.S. Liew M.S. Zawawi N.A.W.A. Abdulkadir I. Singh P. Ravindran G. 58554720200 57203590522 57209183756 57207619288 57218298049 57217490374 57205017025 crumb rubber fly ash geopolymer concrete response surface modelling rubberized geopolymer concrete The construction industry is increasingly focused on sustainability, with a particular emphasis on reducing the environmental impact of cement production. One approach to this problem is to use recycled materials and explore eco-friendly raw materials, such as alumino-silicate by-products like fly ash, which can be used as raw materials for geopolymer concrete. To enhance the ductility, failure mode, and toughness of the geopolymer, researchers have added crumb rubber processed from scrap tires as partial replacement to fine aggregate of the geopolymer. Therefore, this study aims to develop rubberized geopolymer concrete (RGC) by partially replacing the fine aggregate with crumb rubber (CR). To optimize the mechanical properties of RGC, response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to develop 13 mixes with different levels and proportions of CR (10�30% partial replacement of fine aggregate by volume) and sodium hydroxide molarity (10�14 M) as input variables. The results showed that the strength properties increased as the molarity of NaOH increased, while the opposite trend was observed with CR. The maximum values for compressive strength, flexural strength, and uniaxial tensile strength were found to be 25 MPa, 3.1 MPa, and 0.41 MPa, respectively. Response surface models of the mechanical strengths, which were validated using ANOVA with high R2 values of 72�99%, have been developed. It has been found that using 10% CR with 14 M sodium hydroxide resulting in the best mechanical properties for RGC, which was validated with experimental tests. The result of the multi-objective optimization indicated that the optimum addition level for NaOH is 14 M, and the fine aggregate replacement level with CR is 10% in order to achieve a rubberized geopolymer suitable for structural applications. � 2023 by the authors. Final 2024-10-14T03:18:00Z 2024-10-14T03:18:00Z 2023 Article 10.3390/buildings13082021 2-s2.0-85169124271 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85169124271&doi=10.3390%2fbuildings13082021&partnerID=40&md5=4cdfece4590fe987cc18cd676f182f91 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/34112 13 8 2021 All Open Access Gold Open Access Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) Scopus
institution	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building	UNITEN Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source	UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic	crumb rubber fly ash geopolymer concrete response surface modelling rubberized geopolymer concrete
spellingShingle	crumb rubber fly ash geopolymer concrete response surface modelling rubberized geopolymer concrete Giri Y.G.A.L.P. Mohammed B.S. Liew M.S. Zawawi N.A.W.A. Abdulkadir I. Singh P. Ravindran G. Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete: Modeling and Optimization
description	The construction industry is increasingly focused on sustainability, with a particular emphasis on reducing the environmental impact of cement production. One approach to this problem is to use recycled materials and explore eco-friendly raw materials, such as alumino-silicate by-products like fly ash, which can be used as raw materials for geopolymer concrete. To enhance the ductility, failure mode, and toughness of the geopolymer, researchers have added crumb rubber processed from scrap tires as partial replacement to fine aggregate of the geopolymer. Therefore, this study aims to develop rubberized geopolymer concrete (RGC) by partially replacing the fine aggregate with crumb rubber (CR). To optimize the mechanical properties of RGC, response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to develop 13 mixes with different levels and proportions of CR (10�30% partial replacement of fine aggregate by volume) and sodium hydroxide molarity (10�14 M) as input variables. The results showed that the strength properties increased as the molarity of NaOH increased, while the opposite trend was observed with CR. The maximum values for compressive strength, flexural strength, and uniaxial tensile strength were found to be 25 MPa, 3.1 MPa, and 0.41 MPa, respectively. Response surface models of the mechanical strengths, which were validated using ANOVA with high R2 values of 72�99%, have been developed. It has been found that using 10% CR with 14 M sodium hydroxide resulting in the best mechanical properties for RGC, which was validated with experimental tests. The result of the multi-objective optimization indicated that the optimum addition level for NaOH is 14 M, and the fine aggregate replacement level with CR is 10% in order to achieve a rubberized geopolymer suitable for structural applications. � 2023 by the authors.
author2	58554720200
author_facet	58554720200 Giri Y.G.A.L.P. Mohammed B.S. Liew M.S. Zawawi N.A.W.A. Abdulkadir I. Singh P. Ravindran G.
format	Article
author	Giri Y.G.A.L.P. Mohammed B.S. Liew M.S. Zawawi N.A.W.A. Abdulkadir I. Singh P. Ravindran G.
author_sort	Giri Y.G.A.L.P.
title	Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete: Modeling and Optimization
title_short	Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete: Modeling and Optimization
title_full	Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete: Modeling and Optimization
title_fullStr	Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete: Modeling and Optimization
title_full_unstemmed	Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete: Modeling and Optimization
title_sort	mechanical and microstructural properties of rubberized geopolymer concrete: modeling and optimization
publisher	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publishDate	2024
_version_	1814061041396482048
score	13.211869

Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete: Modeling and Optimization

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