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Comparison of the Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Mechanical Stirring Reactors for the Production of Sustainable Hevea brasiliensis Ethyl Ester

Even though the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (HCR) performs better than the mechanical stirring reactor (MSR) at producing biodiesel, and the ethylic process of biodiesel production is entirely bio-based and environmentally friendly, non-homogeneous ethanol with the triglyceride of underutilized...

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Main Authors: Samuel O.D., Aigba P.A., Tran T.K., Fayaz H., Pastore C., Der O., Er�etin A., Enweremadu C.C., Mustafa A.
Other Authors: 26654977000
Format: Article
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 2024
Subjects:
Aspen HYSYS
biodiesel
ethyl ester
exergy
hydrodynamic cavitation
mechanical stirring
reactor technology
sustainability
techno-economics
transesterification
biofuel
cavitation
chemical reaction
ester
hydrodynamics
instrumentation
purification
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id my.uniten.dspace-33918
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spelling my.uniten.dspace-339182024-10-14T11:17:26Z Comparison of the Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Mechanical Stirring Reactors for the Production of Sustainable Hevea brasiliensis Ethyl Ester Samuel O.D. Aigba P.A. Tran T.K. Fayaz H. Pastore C. Der O. Er�etin A. Enweremadu C.C. Mustafa A. 26654977000 57468185100 58834181200 37018106500 57817504800 57211663727 57205335011 26667690500 55785371100 Aspen HYSYS biodiesel ethyl ester exergy hydrodynamic cavitation mechanical stirring reactor technology sustainability techno-economics transesterification biofuel cavitation chemical reaction ester hydrodynamics instrumentation purification sustainability Even though the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (HCR) performs better than the mechanical stirring reactor (MSR) at producing biodiesel, and the ethylic process of biodiesel production is entirely bio-based and environmentally friendly, non-homogeneous ethanol with the triglyceride of underutilized oil, despite the many technical advantages, has discouraged the biodiesel industry and stakeholders from producing ethylic biodiesel in HCRs. This study examines the generation of biodiesel from rubber seed oil (RSO) by comparing the ethyl-based HCR and MSR. Despite ethyl�s technical advantages and environmental friendliness, a lack of scalable protocols for various feedstocks hinders its global adoption. The research employs Aspen HYSYS simulations to investigate the ethanolysis process for RSO in both HCRs and MSRs. The HCR proves more productive, converting 99.01% of RSO compared to the MSR�s 94.85%. The HCR�s exergetic efficiency is 89.56% vs. the MSR�s 54.92%, with significantly lower energy usage. Removing catalytic and glycerin purification stages impacts both processes, with HC showing lower exergy destruction. Economic analysis reveals the HCR�s lower investment cost and higher net present value (USD 57.2 million) and return on investment (176%) compared to the MSR�s. The HCR also has a much smaller carbon footprint, emitting 7.2 t CO2 eq./year, while the MSR emits 172 t CO2 eq./year. This study provides database information for quickly scaling up the production of ethanolic biodiesel from non-edible and third-generation feedstocks in the HCR and MSR. � 2023 by the authors. Final 2024-10-14T03:17:26Z 2024-10-14T03:17:26Z 2023 Article 10.3390/su152316287 2-s2.0-85181888513 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85181888513&doi=10.3390%2fsu152316287&partnerID=40&md5=27bb9cd1f689dc38a395088db4ba436c https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/33918 15 23 16287 All Open Access Gold Open Access Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) Scopus
institution Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building UNITEN Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic Aspen HYSYS
biodiesel
ethyl ester
exergy
hydrodynamic cavitation
mechanical stirring
reactor technology
sustainability
techno-economics
transesterification
biofuel
cavitation
chemical reaction
ester
hydrodynamics
instrumentation
purification
sustainability
spellingShingle Aspen HYSYS
biodiesel
ethyl ester
exergy
hydrodynamic cavitation
mechanical stirring
reactor technology
sustainability
techno-economics
transesterification
biofuel
cavitation
chemical reaction
ester
hydrodynamics
instrumentation
purification
sustainability
Samuel O.D.
Aigba P.A.
Tran T.K.
Fayaz H.
Pastore C.
Der O.
Er�etin A.
Enweremadu C.C.
Mustafa A.
Comparison of the Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Mechanical Stirring Reactors for the Production of Sustainable Hevea brasiliensis Ethyl Ester
description Even though the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (HCR) performs better than the mechanical stirring reactor (MSR) at producing biodiesel, and the ethylic process of biodiesel production is entirely bio-based and environmentally friendly, non-homogeneous ethanol with the triglyceride of underutilized oil, despite the many technical advantages, has discouraged the biodiesel industry and stakeholders from producing ethylic biodiesel in HCRs. This study examines the generation of biodiesel from rubber seed oil (RSO) by comparing the ethyl-based HCR and MSR. Despite ethyl�s technical advantages and environmental friendliness, a lack of scalable protocols for various feedstocks hinders its global adoption. The research employs Aspen HYSYS simulations to investigate the ethanolysis process for RSO in both HCRs and MSRs. The HCR proves more productive, converting 99.01% of RSO compared to the MSR�s 94.85%. The HCR�s exergetic efficiency is 89.56% vs. the MSR�s 54.92%, with significantly lower energy usage. Removing catalytic and glycerin purification stages impacts both processes, with HC showing lower exergy destruction. Economic analysis reveals the HCR�s lower investment cost and higher net present value (USD 57.2 million) and return on investment (176%) compared to the MSR�s. The HCR also has a much smaller carbon footprint, emitting 7.2 t CO2 eq./year, while the MSR emits 172 t CO2 eq./year. This study provides database information for quickly scaling up the production of ethanolic biodiesel from non-edible and third-generation feedstocks in the HCR and MSR. � 2023 by the authors.
author2 26654977000
author_facet 26654977000
Samuel O.D.
Aigba P.A.
Tran T.K.
Fayaz H.
Pastore C.
Der O.
Er�etin A.
Enweremadu C.C.
Mustafa A.
format Article
author Samuel O.D.
Aigba P.A.
Tran T.K.
Fayaz H.
Pastore C.
Der O.
Er�etin A.
Enweremadu C.C.
Mustafa A.
author_sort Samuel O.D.
title Comparison of the Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Mechanical Stirring Reactors for the Production of Sustainable Hevea brasiliensis Ethyl Ester
title_short Comparison of the Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Mechanical Stirring Reactors for the Production of Sustainable Hevea brasiliensis Ethyl Ester
title_full Comparison of the Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Mechanical Stirring Reactors for the Production of Sustainable Hevea brasiliensis Ethyl Ester
title_fullStr Comparison of the Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Mechanical Stirring Reactors for the Production of Sustainable Hevea brasiliensis Ethyl Ester
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of the Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Mechanical Stirring Reactors for the Production of Sustainable Hevea brasiliensis Ethyl Ester
title_sort comparison of the techno-economic and environmental assessment of hydrodynamic cavitation and mechanical stirring reactors for the production of sustainable hevea brasiliensis ethyl ester
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publishDate 2024
_version_ 1814061094902169600
score 13.222552

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