Staff View: Effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite

Effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is by far the closest match to the human bone in terms of chemical composition. Furthermore, HA boasts excellent biocompatibility thus earning its reputation for human bone replacement. However, HA lacks desirable mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, fracture toughness, etc.). D...

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Main Authors:	Samuel L.K.L., Tan C.Y., Ramesh S., Yap B.K., Tolouei R., Amiriyan M.
Other Authors:	55443195000
Format:	Review
Published:	2023
Subjects:	Ca <sub>10</sub>(PO <sub>4</sub>) <sub>6</sub>(OH) <sub>2</sub> HA Hydroxyapatite Ramp rate Short holding time Sintering Ramp rates Short holdings
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spelling	my.uniten.dspace-303362023-12-29T15:46:49Z Effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite Samuel L.K.L. Tan C.Y. Ramesh S. Yap B.K. Tolouei R. Amiriyan M. 55443195000 16029485400 41061958200 26649255900 36706646500 36705737200 Ca <sub>10</sub>(PO <sub>4</sub>) <sub>6</sub>(OH) <sub>2</sub> HA Hydroxyapatite Ramp rate Short holding time Sintering HA Hydroxyapatite Ramp rates Short holdings Sintering Hydroxyapatite (HA) is by far the closest match to the human bone in terms of chemical composition. Furthermore, HA boasts excellent biocompatibility thus earning its reputation for human bone replacement. However, HA lacks desirable mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, fracture toughness, etc.). Due to the poor heat conductivity of ceramics, it is hypothesized that HA when sintered via conventional pressureless sintering, smaller ramp rates are advantageous as oppose to larger ramp rates. These advantages can be observed as improved densification along with improved mechanical properties. In the present work, the sintering profile for the HA green bodies were held at 1 minute in comparison to the usual 2 hours holding time. The applied ramp rates were 2 �C/min, 5 �C/min and 10 �C/min. Sintering temperatures were set to 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300 �C. Sample characterization was then reviewed in the aspects of phase stability, % shrinkage, bulk and relative density, Young's modulus, Vickers hardness, as well as fracture toughness. The results revealed that sintering with shorter holding time yielded an improvement in the mechanical properties of HA. It was observed that sintering HA with a 2 �C/min ramp rate does not result in the formation of extrageneous phases even when sintered to 1300 �C. Similarly at 2 �C/min and 1300 �C, densification was observed to be 99.05 %. In addition, Young's modulus recorded its highest value (117.03 GPa) when sintered with a ramp rate of 2�C/min. It was also observed that sintering HA at a ramp rate of 2�C/min produced a hardness value of 5.88 GPa (improvement of 0.68 GPa when compared with 2 hours holding time). � (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. Final 2023-12-29T07:46:49Z 2023-12-29T07:46:49Z 2012 Review 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.545.229 2-s2.0-84868223460 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868223460&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.545.229&partnerID=40&md5=699214a978e6295808f702bfa3fbf271 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/30336 545 229 234 Scopus
institution	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building	UNITEN Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source	UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic	Ca <sub>10</sub>(PO <sub>4</sub>) <sub>6</sub>(OH) <sub>2</sub> HA Hydroxyapatite Ramp rate Short holding time Sintering HA Hydroxyapatite Ramp rates Short holdings Sintering
spellingShingle	Ca <sub>10</sub>(PO <sub>4</sub>) <sub>6</sub>(OH) <sub>2</sub> HA Hydroxyapatite Ramp rate Short holding time Sintering HA Hydroxyapatite Ramp rates Short holdings Sintering Samuel L.K.L. Tan C.Y. Ramesh S. Yap B.K. Tolouei R. Amiriyan M. Effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite
description	Hydroxyapatite (HA) is by far the closest match to the human bone in terms of chemical composition. Furthermore, HA boasts excellent biocompatibility thus earning its reputation for human bone replacement. However, HA lacks desirable mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, fracture toughness, etc.). Due to the poor heat conductivity of ceramics, it is hypothesized that HA when sintered via conventional pressureless sintering, smaller ramp rates are advantageous as oppose to larger ramp rates. These advantages can be observed as improved densification along with improved mechanical properties. In the present work, the sintering profile for the HA green bodies were held at 1 minute in comparison to the usual 2 hours holding time. The applied ramp rates were 2 �C/min, 5 �C/min and 10 �C/min. Sintering temperatures were set to 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300 �C. Sample characterization was then reviewed in the aspects of phase stability, % shrinkage, bulk and relative density, Young's modulus, Vickers hardness, as well as fracture toughness. The results revealed that sintering with shorter holding time yielded an improvement in the mechanical properties of HA. It was observed that sintering HA with a 2 �C/min ramp rate does not result in the formation of extrageneous phases even when sintered to 1300 �C. Similarly at 2 �C/min and 1300 �C, densification was observed to be 99.05 %. In addition, Young's modulus recorded its highest value (117.03 GPa) when sintered with a ramp rate of 2�C/min. It was also observed that sintering HA at a ramp rate of 2�C/min produced a hardness value of 5.88 GPa (improvement of 0.68 GPa when compared with 2 hours holding time). � (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
author2	55443195000
author_facet	55443195000 Samuel L.K.L. Tan C.Y. Ramesh S. Yap B.K. Tolouei R. Amiriyan M.
format	Review
author	Samuel L.K.L. Tan C.Y. Ramesh S. Yap B.K. Tolouei R. Amiriyan M.
author_sort	Samuel L.K.L.
title	Effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite
title_short	Effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite
title_full	Effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite
title_fullStr	Effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite
title_sort	effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite
publishDate	2023
_version_	1806427602264522752
score	13.222552

Effects of ramp rates with short holding time on the sinterability of hydroxyapatite

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