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Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study

Analysis of variance (ANOVA); Carbides; Catalyst activity; Esters; Hydrated lime; Lime; Palm oil; Scanning electron microscopy; Signal to noise ratio; Taguchi methods; Temperature programmed desorption; Transesterification; Base catalyst; Carbide lime; KF/CLW-fe3O4; Methyl esters; Optimisations; Opt...

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Main Authors: Lim H.H., Pua F.L., Othman R., Taufiq-Yap Y.H., Krishnan S.G.
Other Authors: 57361566000
Format: Article
Published: Diponegoro University 2023
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spelling my.uniten.dspace-272692023-05-29T17:41:53Z Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study Lim H.H. Pua F.L. Othman R. Taufiq-Yap Y.H. Krishnan S.G. 57361566000 36024192100 36158500900 57194506693 57190370972 Analysis of variance (ANOVA); Carbides; Catalyst activity; Esters; Hydrated lime; Lime; Palm oil; Scanning electron microscopy; Signal to noise ratio; Taguchi methods; Temperature programmed desorption; Transesterification; Base catalyst; Carbide lime; KF/CLW-fe3O4; Methyl esters; Optimisations; Optimization studies; Solid base catalysts; Transesterification reaction; Transesterifications; Carbon dioxide In this paper, solid base catalyst KF/CLW-Fe3O4 was prepared from carbide lime waste, primarily calcium hydroxide with tiny amounts of carbonate and; the catalyst was used in the optimization study on the methyl ester production. The new strong base catalyst was synthesized by chemical impregnation. This catalyst was characterized by Hammett indicator analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of carbon dioxide. The catalyst was further used to catalyzed the transesterification reaction to produce methyl ester. Taguchi method was used to assess the impact of catalyst at different intervals of reaction parameters, including reaction time, methanol to oil ratio, and catalyst loading. A mixed level of orthogonal array design with L9, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal to noise ratio were used to determine parameters that significantly impact the palm oil transesterification reaction. High methyl ester conversion was attained, and the catalyst can be easily separated and reused. KF/CLWFe3O4 has great potential to be used to produce methyl ester because of its high catalytic activity and environmental friendliness. � 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). Final 2023-05-29T09:41:53Z 2023-05-29T09:41:53Z 2022 Article 10.9767/BCREC.17.1.12348.127-134 2-s2.0-85123800165 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123800165&doi=10.9767%2fBCREC.17.1.12348.127-134&partnerID=40&md5=dfd57b548d4a944c49f15e3b03ac4205 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/27269 17 1 127 134 All Open Access, Gold Diponegoro University Scopus
institution Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building UNITEN Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
description Analysis of variance (ANOVA); Carbides; Catalyst activity; Esters; Hydrated lime; Lime; Palm oil; Scanning electron microscopy; Signal to noise ratio; Taguchi methods; Temperature programmed desorption; Transesterification; Base catalyst; Carbide lime; KF/CLW-fe3O4; Methyl esters; Optimisations; Optimization studies; Solid base catalysts; Transesterification reaction; Transesterifications; Carbon dioxide
author2 57361566000
author_facet 57361566000
Lim H.H.
Pua F.L.
Othman R.
Taufiq-Yap Y.H.
Krishnan S.G.
format Article
author Lim H.H.
Pua F.L.
Othman R.
Taufiq-Yap Y.H.
Krishnan S.G.
spellingShingle Lim H.H.
Pua F.L.
Othman R.
Taufiq-Yap Y.H.
Krishnan S.G.
Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study
author_sort Lim H.H.
title Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study
title_short Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study
title_full Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study
title_fullStr Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study
title_sort synthesis of carbide lime waste derived base catalyst (kf/clw-fe3o4) for methyl ester production: an optimization study
publisher Diponegoro University
publishDate 2023
_version_ 1806423301379063808
score 13.222552

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