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Enhanced Flipping Technique to Reduce Variability in Image Steganography

Benchmarking; Discrete cosine transforms; Genetic algorithms; Image coding; Image enhancement; Mean square error; Signal to noise ratio; Bayes method; Cover-image; Data hidden; Embedding capacity; Flipping methods; Least significant bits; Medium; Optimisations; Variability; Visual qualities; Stegano...

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Main Authors: Kamil S., Abdullah S.N.H.S., Hasan M.K., Bohani F.A.
Other Authors: 57205323415
Format: Article
Published: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2023
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spelling my.uniten.dspace-264322023-05-29T17:10:27Z Enhanced Flipping Technique to Reduce Variability in Image Steganography Kamil S. Abdullah S.N.H.S. Hasan M.K. Bohani F.A. 57205323415 36057249600 55057479600 56288042200 Benchmarking; Discrete cosine transforms; Genetic algorithms; Image coding; Image enhancement; Mean square error; Signal to noise ratio; Bayes method; Cover-image; Data hidden; Embedding capacity; Flipping methods; Least significant bits; Medium; Optimisations; Variability; Visual qualities; Steganography Steganography algorithms hide the secret message in the cover image and provide imperceptibility to the attacker. The Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm is the preferred data hiding method. In this method, the least significant bit of the cover image pixel is substituted with the secret data bit. However, this method provides high variability if k-LSB bits of the cover image is replaced with secret data bit. To reduce the variability, various optimization algorithms are deployed in image steganography. These algorithms search the optimal pixels in the cover image, and data hiding is performed using the k-bits LSB method. Several iterations of optimization algorithms have increased the time complexity upon achieving this goal. Therefore, in this paper, a data hiding approach is designed based on the flipping approach that reduces variability and provides lesser time complexity. In the proposed method, initially, data hiding is performed using the k-bit LSB method in the cover image, and stego image is obtained. After that, the absolute difference between the cover and stego image is determined and compared with the threshold value. If the absolute difference is higher than the threshold value, then the adjacent bit of the k-bit LSB method is flipped. This process reduces the variability because flipping the adjacent bit will make the pixel value of the stego image closer to the cover image. The simulation evaluates using various performance metrics upon testing on standard dataset images. The simulation results show that the proposed method provides lesser variability, good visual quality, lesser time complexity than Genetic and Bayesian Optimization algorithms and the existing flip method. � 2013 IEEE. Final 2023-05-29T09:10:27Z 2023-05-29T09:10:27Z 2021 Article 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3133672 2-s2.0-85121380486 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121380486&doi=10.1109%2fACCESS.2021.3133672&partnerID=40&md5=17f8828dad042854c7d607a347fc2fa0 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/26432 9 168981 168998 All Open Access, Gold Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. Scopus
institution Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building UNITEN Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
description Benchmarking; Discrete cosine transforms; Genetic algorithms; Image coding; Image enhancement; Mean square error; Signal to noise ratio; Bayes method; Cover-image; Data hidden; Embedding capacity; Flipping methods; Least significant bits; Medium; Optimisations; Variability; Visual qualities; Steganography
author2 57205323415
author_facet 57205323415
Kamil S.
Abdullah S.N.H.S.
Hasan M.K.
Bohani F.A.
format Article
author Kamil S.
Abdullah S.N.H.S.
Hasan M.K.
Bohani F.A.
spellingShingle Kamil S.
Abdullah S.N.H.S.
Hasan M.K.
Bohani F.A.
Enhanced Flipping Technique to Reduce Variability in Image Steganography
author_sort Kamil S.
title Enhanced Flipping Technique to Reduce Variability in Image Steganography
title_short Enhanced Flipping Technique to Reduce Variability in Image Steganography
title_full Enhanced Flipping Technique to Reduce Variability in Image Steganography
title_fullStr Enhanced Flipping Technique to Reduce Variability in Image Steganography
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Flipping Technique to Reduce Variability in Image Steganography
title_sort enhanced flipping technique to reduce variability in image steganography
publisher Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
publishDate 2023
_version_ 1806426178545778688
score 13.211869

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