Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant
ash; ecological approach; heavy metal; leaching; power plant; risk assessment; toxicity; Malaysia; Indicator indicator
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my.uniten.dspace-260132023-05-29T17:06:04Z Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant Abd Manan T.S.B. Beddu S. Mohd Kamal N.L. Mohamad D. Itam Z. Khan T. Machmudah A. Dutykh D. Mohtar W.H.M.W. Jusoh H. Nazri F.M. Yapandi M.F.K.M. Pati S. Ahmad A. Rasdi N.W. 57219650719 55812080500 56239107300 57200335404 55102723400 54991181500 36442829100 15020183900 57215829072 54779965400 55195912500 54797442400 57405230600 6506760282 56446926400 ash; ecological approach; heavy metal; leaching; power plant; risk assessment; toxicity; Malaysia; Indicator indicator The application of coal ash (CA) in construction industries has grown rapidly, posing risk to the environment due to heavy metals leaching from the material. This research presents a simulation of ecological risk assessment and model risk indicators (ERI) of leached heavy metals (lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As)) from CA (FA: fly ash and BA: bottom ash) via response surface methodology (RSM). The ERI values were based on quantified leached heavy metals from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP-1311) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP-1312). The ecological risk index (RI ) values for TCLP were 10.27 � 100 (FA), 9.91 � 100 (BA) and 12.58 � 100 (FA + BA); whereas RI for SPLP were 10.34 � 100 (FA), 9.90 � 100 (BA) and 12.61 � 100 (FA + BA). Twenty-nine combinations of operations were evaluated based on Box-Behnken design with ERI as the response variable. The established model risk indicator (i.e., coded and actual factors) of Pb, Cu, Zn and �As� showed significant model terms that describe their relationship very well, perfectly fit to the corresponding ERI (sum of squares = 0.4160, F value = 682,375.55) with probability of 0.01% for an F-value could occur due to noise. The optimized models were validated with error percentage of less than 5%. The established ERI models showed significant model terms and will be useful for ecological monitoring of CA application in construction industries. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Final 2023-05-29T09:06:04Z 2023-05-29T09:06:04Z 2021 Article 10.3390/su131810222 2-s2.0-85114858763 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114858763&doi=10.3390%2fsu131810222&partnerID=40&md5=6f16e97d1dc3d461dddd8e1ae8618ad1 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/26013 13 18 10222 All Open Access, Gold MDPI Scopus |
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ash; ecological approach; heavy metal; leaching; power plant; risk assessment; toxicity; Malaysia; Indicator indicator |
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57219650719 |
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57219650719 Abd Manan T.S.B. Beddu S. Mohd Kamal N.L. Mohamad D. Itam Z. Khan T. Machmudah A. Dutykh D. Mohtar W.H.M.W. Jusoh H. Nazri F.M. Yapandi M.F.K.M. Pati S. Ahmad A. Rasdi N.W. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Abd Manan T.S.B. Beddu S. Mohd Kamal N.L. Mohamad D. Itam Z. Khan T. Machmudah A. Dutykh D. Mohtar W.H.M.W. Jusoh H. Nazri F.M. Yapandi M.F.K.M. Pati S. Ahmad A. Rasdi N.W. |
| spellingShingle |
Abd Manan T.S.B. Beddu S. Mohd Kamal N.L. Mohamad D. Itam Z. Khan T. Machmudah A. Dutykh D. Mohtar W.H.M.W. Jusoh H. Nazri F.M. Yapandi M.F.K.M. Pati S. Ahmad A. Rasdi N.W. Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant |
| author_sort |
Abd Manan T.S.B. |
| title |
Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant |
| title_short |
Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant |
| title_full |
Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant |
| title_fullStr |
Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant |
| title_sort |
ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant |
| publisher |
MDPI |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| _version_ |
1806428366859927552 |
| score |
13.222552 |