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Synthesis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Supported Solid Catalyst for Fuel Additivies Production

Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is the main producer to a large amount of lignocellulosic waste. It is a crop that is bountifully accessible in Malaysia. This project was designed to make better use of the waste products. EFB was used as the raw material for preparing a new solid catalyst for the manufactur...

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Main Author: Ridhwan Faiz Bin Mohd Zailisham
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Published: 2023
Subjects:
Empty fruit bunch
Esterification
Levulinate ester
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spelling my.uniten.dspace-213522023-05-04T14:43:25Z Synthesis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Supported Solid Catalyst for Fuel Additivies Production Ridhwan Faiz Bin Mohd Zailisham Empty fruit bunch Esterification Levulinate ester Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is the main producer to a large amount of lignocellulosic waste. It is a crop that is bountifully accessible in Malaysia. This project was designed to make better use of the waste products. EFB was used as the raw material for preparing a new solid catalyst for the manufacture of biofuel additives. EFB-derived solid acid catalyst was used to catalyze the esterification levulinic acid (LA) with Ethanol in biodiesel processing. Solid acid catalyst was prepared by infusing EFB fibre with transition metal sulfides by direct impregnation, Fe2(SO4)3 [1].The heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from the EFB fiber was used for esterification of LA. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, the structural, chemical, morphological and elemental properties of the catalyst were therefore examined. Meanwhile each catalyst's acidity properties were characterized through acid density test. The prepared catalyst, packed with Fe2(SO4)3, presented an average acid density of up to 3.047 mmol/g. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous acid catalyst was further evaluated by esterification of LA at varying catalyst loadings of 10%, 15% and 20% at reaction temperatures of 70 ° C for 5 hours. The greatest possible catalytic activity with an esterification rate of 95.988% was accomplished with catalyst loading of 15%. The levulinate ester (LE) was then characterized using Gas Chromatography (GC). 2023-05-03T16:39:45Z 2023-05-03T16:39:45Z 2020-02 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/21352 application/pdf
institution Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building UNITEN Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
topic Empty fruit bunch
Esterification
Levulinate ester
spellingShingle Empty fruit bunch
Esterification
Levulinate ester
Ridhwan Faiz Bin Mohd Zailisham
Synthesis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Supported Solid Catalyst for Fuel Additivies Production
description Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is the main producer to a large amount of lignocellulosic waste. It is a crop that is bountifully accessible in Malaysia. This project was designed to make better use of the waste products. EFB was used as the raw material for preparing a new solid catalyst for the manufacture of biofuel additives. EFB-derived solid acid catalyst was used to catalyze the esterification levulinic acid (LA) with Ethanol in biodiesel processing. Solid acid catalyst was prepared by infusing EFB fibre with transition metal sulfides by direct impregnation, Fe2(SO4)3 [1].The heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from the EFB fiber was used for esterification of LA. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, the structural, chemical, morphological and elemental properties of the catalyst were therefore examined. Meanwhile each catalyst's acidity properties were characterized through acid density test. The prepared catalyst, packed with Fe2(SO4)3, presented an average acid density of up to 3.047 mmol/g. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous acid catalyst was further evaluated by esterification of LA at varying catalyst loadings of 10%, 15% and 20% at reaction temperatures of 70 ° C for 5 hours. The greatest possible catalytic activity with an esterification rate of 95.988% was accomplished with catalyst loading of 15%. The levulinate ester (LE) was then characterized using Gas Chromatography (GC).
format
author Ridhwan Faiz Bin Mohd Zailisham
author_facet Ridhwan Faiz Bin Mohd Zailisham
author_sort Ridhwan Faiz Bin Mohd Zailisham
title Synthesis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Supported Solid Catalyst for Fuel Additivies Production
title_short Synthesis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Supported Solid Catalyst for Fuel Additivies Production
title_full Synthesis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Supported Solid Catalyst for Fuel Additivies Production
title_fullStr Synthesis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Supported Solid Catalyst for Fuel Additivies Production
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Supported Solid Catalyst for Fuel Additivies Production
title_sort synthesis of oil palm empty fruit bunch supported solid catalyst for fuel additivies production
publishDate 2023
_version_ 1806424301947060224
score 13.222552

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