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Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu

Lake is one of the water sources that has a vast variety of economic potential including water supply, water-based recreational activities, and fishing activities. Kenyir Lake in Terengganu has benefited the country economically due to its numerous functions as a water body. Rapid development within...

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Main Author:	Nor Najwa Irina Binti Mohd Azlan, Ms.
Format:	text::Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption
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id	my.uniten.dspace-19661
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spelling	my.uniten.dspace-196612023-05-05T12:06:57Z Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu Nor Najwa Irina Binti Mohd Azlan, Ms. Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption Lake is one of the water sources that has a vast variety of economic potential including water supply, water-based recreational activities, and fishing activities. Kenyir Lake in Terengganu has benefited the country economically due to its numerous functions as a water body. Rapid development within Kenyir Lake caused higher water demand and lowering the water quality. To ensure the sustainability of water usage for activities and development within Kenyir Lake, this study aims to estimate water demand study using Micro-Component Analysis (MCA) method. In line with water requirements in Malaysia, water demand is also estimated using Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN) Guidelines. The methods of MCA and SPAN Guidelines implement detailed parameters of activities and development at Kenyir Lake. Results of estimated water demand at Kenyir Lake using MCA and SPAN Guidelines are 1250.0 m3/day and 1254.1 m3/day respectively. The value of total water demand estimated using SPAN Guidelines was slightly higher than MCA since the average daily water demand adopted has been standardised by SPAN according to the type of premises. The second purpose of the study is to forecast the estimated water demand (MCA and SPAN Guidelines) using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The purposes of these forecasts were conducted to validate the amount of water demand estimated and to establish the relationship between variables used. Water demand values for houseboats from FIS-Micro-Component Analysis, FIS-SPAN Guidelines, MLRMicro-Component Analysis, and MLR-SPAN Guidelines were found to be 350.0 m3/day, 425.0 m3/day, 622.2 m3/day and 718.8 m3/day respectively. The third aim of the study was to compare estimated water demands (MCA and SPAN Guidelines) and forecasted water demands (FIS and MLR) using statistical evaluations. The estimated water demands are compared with metered water by Syarikat Air Terengganu (SATU) conducted at Pengkalan Gawi, Kenyir Lake. Results of Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) were found lower in SPAN Guidelines at 18.02, 1947.60, and 44.13 respectively than Micro-Component Analysis. The forecasted water demands (FIS and MLR) compared with estimated water demand (MCA) resulted in lower MAD, MSE, and RMSE at 8.96, 244.97, and 15.65 respectively for MLR. MCA and MLR are more prone in estimating and forecasting water demand at Kenyir Lake. Although the forecasting error for MCA is slightly higher than SPAN Guidelines, the method is better because of the detail parameters considered. The outcomes of the study are beneficial to SATU in ensuring the amount of water supply always meet the demand. Also, the methods applied in this study can be implemented by SATU to revise the water demand at Kenyir Lake regularly. Finally, government can encourage premises owners to practice rainwater harvesting to balance the water sources available at Kenyir Lake. 2023-05-03T13:44:33Z 2023-05-03T13:44:33Z 2022-01 Resource Types::text::Thesis https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/19661 en application/pdf
institution	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
building	UNITEN Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tenaga Nasional
content_source	UNITEN Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://dspace.uniten.edu.my/
language	English
topic	Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption
spellingShingle	Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption Nor Najwa Irina Binti Mohd Azlan, Ms. Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu
description	Lake is one of the water sources that has a vast variety of economic potential including water supply, water-based recreational activities, and fishing activities. Kenyir Lake in Terengganu has benefited the country economically due to its numerous functions as a water body. Rapid development within Kenyir Lake caused higher water demand and lowering the water quality. To ensure the sustainability of water usage for activities and development within Kenyir Lake, this study aims to estimate water demand study using Micro-Component Analysis (MCA) method. In line with water requirements in Malaysia, water demand is also estimated using Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN) Guidelines. The methods of MCA and SPAN Guidelines implement detailed parameters of activities and development at Kenyir Lake. Results of estimated water demand at Kenyir Lake using MCA and SPAN Guidelines are 1250.0 m3/day and 1254.1 m3/day respectively. The value of total water demand estimated using SPAN Guidelines was slightly higher than MCA since the average daily water demand adopted has been standardised by SPAN according to the type of premises. The second purpose of the study is to forecast the estimated water demand (MCA and SPAN Guidelines) using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The purposes of these forecasts were conducted to validate the amount of water demand estimated and to establish the relationship between variables used. Water demand values for houseboats from FIS-Micro-Component Analysis, FIS-SPAN Guidelines, MLRMicro-Component Analysis, and MLR-SPAN Guidelines were found to be 350.0 m3/day, 425.0 m3/day, 622.2 m3/day and 718.8 m3/day respectively. The third aim of the study was to compare estimated water demands (MCA and SPAN Guidelines) and forecasted water demands (FIS and MLR) using statistical evaluations. The estimated water demands are compared with metered water by Syarikat Air Terengganu (SATU) conducted at Pengkalan Gawi, Kenyir Lake. Results of Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) were found lower in SPAN Guidelines at 18.02, 1947.60, and 44.13 respectively than Micro-Component Analysis. The forecasted water demands (FIS and MLR) compared with estimated water demand (MCA) resulted in lower MAD, MSE, and RMSE at 8.96, 244.97, and 15.65 respectively for MLR. MCA and MLR are more prone in estimating and forecasting water demand at Kenyir Lake. Although the forecasting error for MCA is slightly higher than SPAN Guidelines, the method is better because of the detail parameters considered. The outcomes of the study are beneficial to SATU in ensuring the amount of water supply always meet the demand. Also, the methods applied in this study can be implemented by SATU to revise the water demand at Kenyir Lake regularly. Finally, government can encourage premises owners to practice rainwater harvesting to balance the water sources available at Kenyir Lake.
format	Resource Types::text::Thesis
author	Nor Najwa Irina Binti Mohd Azlan, Ms.
author_facet	Nor Najwa Irina Binti Mohd Azlan, Ms.
author_sort	Nor Najwa Irina Binti Mohd Azlan, Ms.
title	Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu
title_short	Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu
title_full	Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu
title_fullStr	Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu
title_full_unstemmed	Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu
title_sort	estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption at kenyir lake, terengganu
publishDate	2023
_version_	1806428118816129024
score	13.211869

Estimation and forecasted water demand for consumption at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu

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